Raman Microspectroscopy Imaging Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles Biogenesis by Filamentous Fungus Penicilium chrysogenum

• Published in: Advanced biology Vol. 6; no. 6; pp. e2101322 - n/a
• Main Authors: Samuel, Ashok Zachariah, Horii, Shumpei, Nakashima, Takuji, Shibata, Naoko, Ando, Masahiro, Takeyama, Haruko
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Germany 01.06.2022
• Subjects: extracellular vesicles; Extracellular Vesicles - metabolism; multivariate curve resolution; penicillin; Penicillins; penicillium chrysogenum; Penicillium chrysogenum - metabolism; Raman spectroscopy; secondary metabolite; penicillin; extracellular vesicles; multivariate curve resolution; Raman spectroscopy; penicillium chrysogenum; secondary metabolite
• ISSN: 2701-0198; 2701-0198
• DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202101322

The mechanism of production of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their molecular contents are of great interest due to their diverse roles in biological systems and are far from being completely understood. Even though cellular cargo releases mediated by EVs have been demonstrated in several cases, their role in secondary metabolite production and release remains elusive. In this study, this aspect is investigated in detail using Raman microspectroscopic imaging. Considerable evidence is provided to suggest that the release of antibiotic penicillin by the filamentous fungus Penicillium chrysogenum involves EVs. Further, the study also reveals morphological modifications of the fungal body during biogenesis, changes in cell composition at the locus of biogenesis, and major molecular contents of the released EVs. The results suggest a possible general role of EVs in the release of antibiotics from the producing organisms. Raman images reveal the biogenesis and chemical composition of extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by Penicillium chrysogenum. Penicillin is localized in EVs along with proteins and beta carotene. A protrusion with a high concentration of penicillin forms in the mycelium, which apparently are the sites from which EVs are subsequently released.