Characteristic changes in the long and short spells of different rain intensities in India

• Published in: Theoretical and applied climatology Vol. 105; no. 3-4; pp. 563 - 570
• Main Authors: Dash, S. K., Nair, Archana Anil, Kulkarni, Makarand A., Mohanty, U. C.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Vienna Springer Vienna 01.10.2011; Springer; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Agricultural production; Analysis; Aquatic Pollution; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Atmospheric Sciences; Climate change; Climatology; Earth and Environmental Science; Earth Sciences; Earth, ocean, space; Exact sciences and technology; External geophysics; Hydrologic data; Meteorology; Monsoons; Original Paper; Rain; Rain and rainfall; Rainfall; Summer; Waste Water Technology; Water Management; Water Pollution Control; Asia; India; Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall; Summer Monsoon; Rain Event; India Meteorological Department; Summer Monsoon Rainfall; agriculture; Short term; intensity; trend-surface analysis; areal studies; atmospheric precipitation; Severe weather; Regional analysis; Heavy rain; Summer monsoon
• ISSN: 0177-798X; 1434-4483
• DOI: 10.1007/s00704-011-0416-x

In this paper, changes in the long and short spells of different rain intensities are statistically analyzed using daily gridded rainfall data prepared by the India Meteorological Department for the period 1951–2008. In order to study regional changes, analyses have been conducted over nine selected agro-meteorological (agro-met) divisions, five homogeneous zones, and also over the whole of India. Rain events of different intensities with continuous rainfall of more than or equal to 4 days are classified here as long spells. Those with less than 4 days are termed as short spells. Those results which are statistically significant at 95% confidence level are discussed in this paper. Trend analysis shows that during the summer monsoon months of June to September, short spell rain events with heavy intensity have increased over India as a whole. On the other hand, long spell rain events with moderate and low intensities have decreased in numbers. Results further show that the contributions of long spell moderate and short spell low-intensity rain events to the total rainfall have decreased whereas the contributions of short spell heavy and moderate-intensity rain events to the total seasonal rainfall have increased. Percentage changes in various categories of long and short spells in the decade 1991–2000 compared with the earlier decade 1951–1960, highlight the maximum increase in heavy-intensity short spell category and decrease in moderate-intensity long spell category in India as a whole and in most of the homogeneous zones and agro-met divisions. The changes in different types of rain events differ in the six homogeneous zones and nine selected agro-met divisions. However, in three homogeneous zones and three agro-met divisions, the short spell heavy-intensity rain events dominate as in the entire country. There are also changes observed in the monthly occurrences of above categories of rain events during the 4 months of summer monsoon. Such results with details of changes in rain categories in different parts of India have important implications in agriculture sector in the country.