Immune asynchrony in COVID-19 pathogenesis and potential immunotherapies

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an unprecedented global health crisis. Tissue and peripheral blood analysis indicate profound, aberrant myeloid cell activation, cytokine storm, and lymphopenia, with unknown immunopathological mechanisms. Spatiotemporal control of the quality a...

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Published inThe Journal of experimental medicine Vol. 217; no. 10
Main Authors Zhou, Ting, Su, Tina Tianjiao, Mudianto, Tenny, Wang, Jun
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Rockefeller University Press 05.10.2020
Subjects
Autoimmunity
Betacoronavirus - immunology
Betacoronavirus - physiology
Coronavirus Infections - immunology
Coronavirus Infections - therapy
COVID-19
Humans
Immunity
Immunotherapy
Infectious Disease and Host Defense
Innate Immunity and Inflammation
Models, Immunological
Pandemics
Pneumonia, Viral - immunology
Pneumonia, Viral - therapy
SARS-CoV-2
Virus Internalization
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Summary:The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an unprecedented global health crisis. Tissue and peripheral blood analysis indicate profound, aberrant myeloid cell activation, cytokine storm, and lymphopenia, with unknown immunopathological mechanisms. Spatiotemporal control of the quality and quantity of the antiviral immune responses involves synchronized cellular and molecular cascades and cross-talk between innate and adaptive immunity. Dysregulated responses in immunity, such as at the stages of immune sensing, alarming, polarization, and resolution, may contribute to disease pathology. Herein, we approach SARS-CoV-2 through an immunomodulatory lens, discussing possible mechanisms of the asynchronized antiviral immune response and proposing potential therapeutic strategies to correct the dysregulation.
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T. Zhou and T.T. Su contributed equally to this paper.
Disclosures: The authors declare no competing interests exist.
ISSN:0022-1007
1540-9538
DOI:10.1084/jem.20200674