Symbiodinium spp. associated with scleractinian corals from Dongsha Atoll (Pratas), Taiwan, in the South China Sea

• Published in: PeerJ (San Francisco, CA) Vol. 5; p. e2871
• Main Authors: Keshavmurthy, Shashank, Tang, Kuo-Hsun, Hsu, Chia-Min, Gan, Chai-Hsia, Kuo, Chao-Yang, Soong, Keryea, Chou, Hong-Nong, Chen, Chaolun Allen
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States PeerJ. Ltd 18.01.2017; PeerJ, Inc; PeerJ Inc
• Subjects: Acropora; Algae; Analysis; Biodiversity; Bleaching; Coral reefs; Corals; Data processing; Deoxyribonucleic acid; DNA; Dongsha Atoll; Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Gel electrophoresis; Genetic polymorphisms; Marine Biology; Marine ecology; Marine flora; Microorganisms; National parks; Oceanography; Physiological aspects; Physiology; Porites; Protection and preservation; Restriction fragment length polymorphism; Science; South China sea; Spacer; Studies; Symbiodinium; Symbiodinium association; Symbiodinium C; Symbiodinium glynii; Symbiodinium trenchii; Taiwan; South China sea; Symbiodinium association; Symbiodinium glynii; Symbiodinium trenchii; Dongsha Atoll; Symbiodinium C
• ISSN: 2167-8359; 2167-8359
• DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2871

Dongsha Atoll (also known as Pratas) in Taiwan is the northernmost atoll in the South China Sea and a designated marine national park since 2007. The marine park's scope of protection covers the bio-resources of its waters in addition to uplands, so it is important to have data logging information and analyses of marine flora and fauna, including their physiology, ecology, and genetics. As part of this effort, we investigated associations in scleractinian corals from Dongsha Atoll through surveys carried out at two depth ranges (shallow, 1-5 m; and deep, 10-15 m) in 2009 and during a bleaching event in 2010. composition was assessed using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of 28S nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA (nlsrDNA). Our results showed that the 796 coral samples from seven families and 20 genera collected in 2009 and 132 coral samples from seven families and 12 genera collected in 2010 were associated with C, D and C+D. Occurrence of clade D in shallow water (24.5%) was higher compared to deep (14.9%). Due to a bleaching event in 2010, up to 80% of coral species associated with C underwent moderate to severe bleaching. Using the fine resolution technique of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) in 175 randomly selected coral samples, from 2009 and 2010, eight C types and two D types were detected. This study is the first baseline survey on associations in the corals of Dongsha Atoll in the South China Sea, and it shows the dominance of clade C in the population.