Method for High-Yield Hydrothermal Growth of Silica Shells on Nanoparticles

• Published in: Materials Vol. 14; no. 21; p. 6646
• Main Authors: Willinger, Max, Felhofer, Martin, Reimhult, Erik, Zirbs, Ronald
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 04.11.2021; MDPI
• Subjects: Carbon; Carbon nanotubes; coating; Coatings; Ethanol; hydrothermal synthesis; Material properties; Materials science; Methods; Nanomaterials; Nanoparticles; Nitrogen; polystyrene; Polystyrene resins; Precursors; Protective coatings; Room temperature; silica; Silicon dioxide; Software; surfactant-assisted; Surfactants; Tetraethyl orthosilicate; Thermogravimetric analysis; Transmission electron microscopy; United States > US; Austria; Germany
• ISSN: 1996-1944; 1996-1944
• DOI: 10.3390/ma14216646

Coating processes are commonly used in materials science to protect a core or modify material properties. We describe a hydrothermal coating process using TEOS (tetraethyl orthosilicate), a widely used precursor for silica coatings, on three representative template materials (carbon nanotubes, silica, and polystyrene nanoparticles) with different properties and shapes. We compare the efficiency of previously published protocols for silica coatings at room temperature and atmospheric pressure with the hydrothermal process at 160 °C and 3 bar. The hydrothermal method achieves higher yields and thicker silica coatings with the same amount of precursor when compared to the conventional way, thus offering higher effectiveness. Furthermore, the hydrothermal coating process yields more homogeneous shells with a higher density, making hydrothermal coating the method of choice when mechanical integrity and low permeability of the coating are required.