AMPK negatively regulates RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation by controlling oxidative stress

• Published in: Free radical biology & medicine Vol. 205; pp. 107 - 115
• Main Authors: Tanaka, Miori, Inoue, Hirofumi, Takahashi, Nobuyuki, Uehara, Mariko
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 20.08.2023
• Subjects: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases - genetics; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases - metabolism; AMPK; Antioxidants - metabolism; Antioxidants - pharmacology; Cell Differentiation; Cell-fusion; HO-1; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases - metabolism; NF-kappa B - genetics; NF-kappa B - metabolism; Osteoclast; Osteoclasts - metabolism; Oxidative Stress; Phytochemicals; RANK Ligand - pharmacology; Oxidative stress; DC-STAMP; MCP-1; RANKL; JNK; Ctsk; Osteoclast; HO-1; NFATc1; TRAP; OC-STAMP; MAPK; OSCAR; Cell-fusion; NF-κB; Phytochemicals; TNF-α; Nrf2; ROS; AMPK
• ISSN: 0891-5849; 1873-4596; 1873-4596
• DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.05.033

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a crucial energy sensor of cellular metabolism under various metabolic stresses, such as oxidative stress and inflammation. AMPK deficiency increases osteoclast numbers and reduces bone mass; however, the precise mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to clarify the mechanistic connection between AMPK and osteoclast differentiation, and the potential role of AMPK in the anti-resorptive effects of several phytochemicals. We found that receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation, osteoclastic gene expression, and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and NF-κB were promoted in cells transfected with AMPK siRNA. AMPK knockdown led to defective synthesis of heme oxygenase-1, an antioxidant enzyme, and the upstream mediator, nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2. Furthermore, treatment with N-acetyl-l-cysteine, an antioxidant, abolished osteoclast differentiation and MAPK/NF-κB activation induced by AMPK knockdown. AMPK activators, hesperetin, gallic acid, resveratrol, and curcumin, suppressed osteoclast differentiation via the activation of AMPK. These results suggest that AMPK inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation by enhancing antioxidant defense system and regulating oxidative stress. AMPK activation by dietary-derived phytochemicals may be effective for the treatment of bone diseases. [Display omitted] •AMPK knockdown promoted RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation, osteoclastic gene expression, and MAPK/NF-κB activation in RAW 264.7 cells.•AMPK knockdown led to defective synthesis of HO-1 and Nrf2.•NAC abolished osteoclast formation and MAPK/NF-κB activation induced by AMPK knockdown.•Several phytochemicals suppressed osteoclast differentiation via AMPK.