Oral Chronic Hyperplastic Candidiasis and Its Potential Risk of Malignant Transformation: A Systematic Review and Prevalence Meta-Analysis

Chronic hyperplastic candidiasis (CHC) is a prototypical oral lesion caused by chronic Candida infection. A major controversy surrounding CHC is whether this oral lesion owns malignant transformation (MT) potential. The aim of the present study was to evaluate current evidence on the MT of CHC and t...

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Published inJournal of fungi (Basel) Vol. 8; no. 10; p. 1093
Main Authors Lorenzo-Pouso, Alejandro I., Pérez-Jardón, Alba, Caponio, Vito Carlo Alberto, Spirito, Francesca, Chamorro-Petronacci, Cintia M., Álvarez-Calderón-Iglesias, Óscar, Gándara-Vila, Pilar, Lo Muzio, Lorenzo, Pérez-Sayáns, Mario
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 17.10.2022
MDPI
Subjects
Candida
Candidiasis
chronic hyperplastic candidiasis
Chronic infection
Content analysis
Genetic transformation
Infections
malignant transformation
Meta-analysis
mouth neoplasm
Oral cancer
Response rates
Review
Sensitivity analysis
Systematic review
Vitamin deficiency
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Summary:Chronic hyperplastic candidiasis (CHC) is a prototypical oral lesion caused by chronic Candida infection. A major controversy surrounding CHC is whether this oral lesion owns malignant transformation (MT) potential. The aim of the present study was to evaluate current evidence on the MT of CHC and to determine the variables which have the greatest influence on cancer development. Bibliographical searches included PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus and LILACS. The cohort studies and case series used to investigate the MT of CHC were deemed suitable for inclusion. The quality of the enrolled studies was measured by the Joanna Briggs Institute scale. Moreover, we undertook subgroup analyses, assessed small study effects, and conducted sensitivity analyses. From 338 studies, nine were finally included for qualitative/quantitative analysis. The overall MT rate for CHC across all studies was 12.1% (95% confidential interval, 4.1–19.8%). Subgroup analysis showed that the MT rate increased when pooled analysis was restricted to poor quality studies. It remains complex to affirm whether CHC is an individual and oral, potentially malignant disorder according to the retrieved evidence. Prospective cohort studies to define the natural history of CHC and a consensus statement to clarify a proper set of diagnostic criteria are strongly needed. PROSPERO ID: CRD42022319572.
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These authors contributed equally to this work.
ISSN:2309-608X
2309-608X
DOI:10.3390/jof8101093