The effect of stone-wool on rat lungs and on the primary culture of rat alveolar macrophages and type II pneumocytes

• Published in: Journal of applied toxicology Vol. 26; no. 1; pp. 16 - 24
• Main Authors: Tátrai, Erzsébet, Brozik, Márta, Drahos, Ágnes, Kováčiková, Zuzana, Six, Éva, Csík, Márta, Dám, Annamária
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Chichester, UK John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 01.01.2006; Wiley
• Subjects: alveolar macrophages; Animals; antioxidant system; Biological and medical sciences; Cell Membrane - drug effects; Cell Membrane - pathology; Chemokine CCL2 - metabolism; Chemokine CCL3; Chemokine CCL4; EDXA; lectins; Lung - drug effects; Lung - enzymology; Lung - pathology; Lung - ultrastructure; Lymph Nodes - drug effects; Lymph Nodes - ultrastructure; Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins - metabolism; Macrophages, Alveolar - drug effects; Macrophages, Alveolar - enzymology; Macrophages, Alveolar - ultrastructure; Male; MCP-1; Medical sciences; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Mineral Fibers - toxicity; MIP-1α; pneumocytes; Pneumology; pulmonary fibrosis; Pulmonary Fibrosis - chemically induced; Pulmonary Fibrosis - pathology; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Respiratory system : syndromes and miscellaneous diseases; stone-wool; Toxicology; Lung disease; Lectin; MCP-1; Rat; Respiratory disease; antioxidant system; stone-wool; Rodentia; alveolar macrophages; lectins; EDXA; Antioxidant; Mineral fiber; Respiratory system; In vitro; Vertebrata; Mammalia; Pulmonary fibrosis; Animal; MIP-1α; Primary culture; Macrophage; pneumocytes
• ISSN: 0260-437X; 1099-1263
• DOI: 10.1002/jat.1099

The effect of stone‐wool has been studied in both in vivo long term sequential and in vitro methods in male Sprague‐Dawley rats. Stone‐wool was administered by single intratracheal instillation and the lungs were examined after 1, 3 and 6 months of exposure by morphological methods. UICC crocidolite was applied as a positive control. In addition, the effects of both fibres were examined in primary cultures of alveolar macrophages (AM) and type II pneumocytes (T2) by morphological, biochemical and immunological methods. By the end of 6 months stone‐wool induced moderate pulmonary interstitial inflammation and fibrosis without progression, whereas crocidolite induced progressive interstitial inflammation and fibrosis as a function of time. Although stone‐wool inhibited phagocytosis, it did not induce serious membrane damage to the cells examined and did not destroy their ultrastructure. It significantly reduced the activity of Cu,Zn/superoxide dismutase (SOD) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) in alveolar macrophages and significantly decreased the activity of AP and γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) in type II pneumocytes. Crocidolite, on the other hand, decreased the activity of all enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, GSH‐Px; glutathione reductase, GSH‐Rd) of glutathione metabolism as well as alkaline phosphatase in alveolar macrophages. It decreased the activity of all enzymes in type II pneumocytes, except for Cu,Zn/SOD. On exposure to stone‐wool, the production of inflammatory proteins, macrophage chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) and macrophage inhibitory protein‐1α (MIP‐1α) increased in both cultured cells but did not reach the level induced by crocidolite. Our results suggested that stone‐wool is less toxic than crocidolite. Whether it is carcinogenic or not, is still an open question. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.