Periodontal disease as a risk for dental implant failure over time: A long-term historical cohort study

• Published in: Journal of clinical periodontology Vol. 38; no. 8; pp. 732 - 737
• Main Authors: Levin, Liran, Ofec, Ronen, Grossmann, Yoav, Anner, Rachel
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.08.2011; Blackwell
• Subjects: Biological and medical sciences; Chronic Periodontitis - complications; Chronic Periodontitis - therapy; cigarette; Cohort Studies; Dental Abutments; Dental Implants; Dental Restoration Failure; Dentistry; Device Removal; Diabetes Complications; diabetes mellitus; Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance; Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases); Endocrinopathies; Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance; Facial bones, jaws, teeth, parodontium: diseases, semeiology; Failure; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Head and neck surgery. Maxillofacial surgery. Dental surgery. Orthodontics; Health risk assessment; Humans; implant failure; Longitudinal Studies; maintenance; Male; Maxillofacial surgery. Dental surgery. Orthodontics; Medical sciences; Middle Aged; Non tumoral diseases; Otorhinolaryngology. Stomatology; Periodontal Index; periodontitis; Proportional Hazards Models; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; smoking; Smoking - adverse effects; supportive therapy; Surgery (general aspects). Transplantations, organ and tissue grafts. Graft diseases; Survival Analysis; Time Factors; Transplants & implants; Endocrinopathy; Stomatology; Diabetes mellitus; Tobacco smoking; Dentistry; supportive therapy; Long term; Dental implant; Cigarette; Periodontal disease; Treatment; Periodontitis; Cohort study; Risk factor; smoking; implant failure; maintenance; Failure
• ISSN: 0303-6979; 1600-051X
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2011.01745.x

Levin L, Ofec R, Grossmann Y, Anner R. Periodontal disease as a risk for dental implant failure over time: A long‐term Historical cohort study. J Clin Periodontol 2011; 38: 732–737. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐051X.2011.01745.x. Objectives: To evaluate the long‐term survival rates of dental implants according to the patient's periodontal status, as well as to estimate if the effect of periodontal status regarding implant failure is constant throughout the long‐term follow‐up. Materials and Methods: This was a historical prospective cohort study design of all consecutive patients operated from 1996 to 2006 at a periodontal clinic. The cohort consisted of 736 patients, with a total of 2336 dental implants. An extended Cox proportional hazards model, which includes interaction terms between survival time and variables of interest, was used. Results: Patients' mean (SD) age was 51.13 (12.35). The follow‐up time was up to 144 months, with a mean (SD) of 54.4 (35.6) months. The overall implant raw survival rate was 95.9%. The Kaplan–Meier estimates for the cumulative survival rate (CSR) at 108 months were 0.96 and 0.95 for implants inserted into healthy and moderate chronic periodontal patients, respectively. The CSR declined to 0.88 at 108 months for the severe periodontitis group. The extended Cox model revealed that severe chronic status turned out to be a significant risk factor for implant failure after 50 months of follow‐up [hazard ratio (HR)=8.06; p<0.01]. The extended Cox model for smoking indicates a near‐significant effect after 50 months (HR=2.76; p=0.061). Conclusions: Periodontal status and smoking are significant risk factors for late implant failures. The HR for periodontal and smoking status are not constant throughout the follow‐up period.