Seasonality of invasive pneumococcal disease: Temporal relation to documented influenza and respiratory syncytial viral circulation

• Published in: The American journal of medicine Vol. 118; no. 3; pp. 285 - 291
• Main Authors: Talbot, Thomas R., Poehling, Katherine A., Hartert, Tina V., Arbogast, Patrick G., Halasa, Natasha B., Edwards, Kathryn M., Schaffner, William, Craig, Allen S., Griffin, Marie R.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York, NY Elsevier Inc 01.03.2005; Elsevier; Elsevier Sequoia S.A
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bacteria; Biological and medical sciences; Epidemiology; Female; General aspects; Human viral diseases; Humans; Incidence; Infectious diseases; Influenza; Male; Medical sciences; Middle Aged; Orthomyxoviridae - isolation & purification; Photoperiod; Pneumococcal Infections - epidemiology; Pneumococcal Infections - virology; Prospective Studies; Respiratory syncytial virus; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses - isolation & purification; Respiratory system; Seasonality; Seasons; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Viral diseases; Viral diseases of the respiratory system and ent viral diseases; Viruses; Respiratory syncytial virus; Epidemiology; Influenza; Seasonality; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Human respiratory syncytial virus; Pneumovirinae; Document; Paramyxoviridae; Infection; Virus; Medicine; Mononegavirales; Seasonal variation; Streptococcal infection; Viral disease; Bacteriosis; Invasive form; Pneumovirus; Pneumococcal infection
• ISSN: 0002-9343; 1555-7162
• DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2004.09.016

Seasonal fluctuation in the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease has been attributed to winter virus exposure (e.g., influenza and respiratory syncytial virus [RSV]). Evidence of a direct correlation of invasive pneumococcal disease with laboratory-confirmed virus seasons, however, is limited. Using two prospective surveillance networks, the temporal relation between invasive pneumococcal disease and isolation of circulating winter viruses was explored. Episodes of invasive pneumococcal disease in five Tennessee counties were collected prospectively from January 1995 through June 2002. Virus seasons were defined using prospective laboratory-based surveillance. Correlation between weekly identification of invasive pneumococcal disease and laboratory isolation of RSV and influenza, as well as comparisons of the frequencies of invasive pneumococcal disease episodes during viral and nonviral seasons were determined. A total of 4147 invasive pneumococcal disease episodes were identified. Weekly frequency of invasive pneumococcal disease correlated directly with the weekly frequency of isolation of RSV ( r = 0.56, P <0.001) and influenza ( r= 0.40, P <0.001). The average weekly frequency of invasive pneumococcal disease during RSV and influenza seasons was higher than during the nonviral seasons ( P <0.001 for each year). Weekly episodes of invasive pneumococcal disease correlated temporally with laboratory-confirmed weekly isolation of RSV and influenza, and the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease was increased when these viruses were circulating in the community.