Sepsis: in search of cure

• Published in: Inflammation Research Vol. 65; no. 8; pp. 587 - 602
• Main Authors: Lakshmikanth, Chikkamenahalli Lakshminarayana, Jacob, Shancy Petsel, Chaithra, Vyala Hanumanthareddy, de Castro-Faria-Neto, Hugo Caire, Marathe, Gopal Kedihithlu
• Format: Journal Article Book Review
• Language: English
• Published: Cham Springer International Publishing 01.08.2016; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Allergology; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use; Bacterial Proteins - immunology; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; Dermatology; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Immunology; Lipopolysaccharides - immunology; Neurology; Pharmacology/Toxicology; Review; Rheumatology; Sepsis - drug therapy; Sepsis - epidemiology; Sepsis - etiology; Sepsis - immunology; Toll-like receptors; Sepsis; Activated protein C; Cytokines; Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
• ISSN: 1023-3830; 1420-908X
• DOI: 10.1007/s00011-016-0937-y

Introduction Sepsis is a complex inflammatory disorder believed to originate from an infection by any types of microbes and/or their products. It is the leading cause of death in intensive care units (ICUs) throughout the globe. The mortality rates depend both on the severity of infection and the host’s response to infection. Methods Literature survey on pathobiology of sepsis in general and failure of more than hundred clinical trials conducted so far in search of a possible cure for sepsis resulted in the preparation of this manuscript. Findings Sepsis lacks a suitable animal model that mimics human sepsis. However, based on the results obtained in animal models of sepsis, clinical trials conducted so far have been disappointing. Although involvement of multiple mediators and pathways in sepsis has been recognized, only few components are being targeted and this could be the major reason behind the failure of clinical trials. Conclusion Inability to recognize a single critical mediator of sepsis may be the underlying cause for the poor therapeutic intervention of sepsis. Therefore, sepsis is still considered as a disease—in search of cure.