Brain-immune interactions in health and disease

• Published in: Frontiers in neuroscience Vol. 8; p. 382
• Main Authors: Denes, Adam, Miyan, Jaleel A
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland Frontiers Research Foundation 03.12.2014; Frontiers Media S.A
• Subjects: Air pollution; Autism; Autonomic nervous system; Bi-directional communication; Brain injury; Brain research; brain-immune interactions; Calcitonin; Calcitonin gene-related peptide; Cell migration; Cerebrospinal fluid; Communication; Coronary artery disease; Cytokines; Disease; Endocrinology; Endothelium; Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis; Heart diseases; Hematological diseases; Immune system; Inflammation; Interleukin 1; Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist; Interleukin 1 receptors; Interleukin 2; Interleukin 6; Ischemia; Lymphocytes; Lymphocytes T; Mental disorders; Mood; Multiple sclerosis; Nervous system; Neuroinflammation; Neuropeptides; Pollution; Prion protein; Sensory neurons; Stroke; systemic responses; Traumatic brain injury; brain-immune interactions; bi-directional communication; disease; systemic responses; neuroinflammation
• ISSN: 1662-4548; 1662-453X; 1662-453X
• DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00382

In turn, mood disorders, stress, autonomic dysfunction, acute, and chronic brain injury have been linked with the development of organ failure, cancer, heart disease, systemic inflammatory conditions, infections, and hematological diseases further implicating dependent interrelationships between the immune system and the brain (Denes et al., 2010; Moreno-Smith et al., 2010; Deretzi et al., 2011; Iadecola and Anrather, 2011; Wraith and Nicholson, 2012; Theoharides et al., 2013; Heneka et al., 2014). Murakami and colleagues present their research findings and their “gateway” theory of how regional neuronal responses can drive the migration of autoreactive T cells across the cerebrovascular endothelium to particular sites of the brain where they contribute to the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of multiple sclerosis (Kamimura et al., 2013). Assas and colleagues discuss important aspects of neuro-immune communication and show how sensory fibers containing the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) shape the responses of macrophages, mast cells and other immune cells throughout the body and how these interactions contribute to immune defense and diverse inflammatory conditions (Assas et al., 2014). Brain immune interactions and air pollution: macrophage inhibitory factor (MIF), prion cellular protein (PrP(C)), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), and interleukin-2 (IL-2) in cerebrospinal fluid and MIF in serum differentiate urban children exposed to severe vs. low air pollution.