General intelligence predicts reasoning ability even for evolutionarily familiar content

• Published in: Intelligence (Norwood) Vol. 39; no. 5; pp. 311 - 322
• Main Authors: Kaufman, Scott Barry, DeYoung, Colin G., Reis, Deidre L., Gray, Jeremy R.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Amsterdam Elsevier Inc 01.09.2011; Elsevier; Elsevier Science Ltd
• Subjects: Accuracy; Biological and medical sciences; Cognition & reasoning; Cognition. Intelligence; Correlation; Correlation analysis; Deductive reasoning; Evolution; Evolutionary psychology; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; g factor; Individual Differences; Intelligence; Logical Thinking; Problem solving; Psychologists; Psychology; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry; Psychology. Psychophysiology; Reaction Time; Reaction times; Reasoning. Problem solving; Wason Card Selection Task; Evolutionary psychology; Deductive reasoning; Wason Card Selection Task; Intelligence; g factor; Human; Intelligence g factor; Deduction; Biological evolution; Cognition; Selection task Wason; Reasoning; Intellectual ability; Predictive factor
• ISSN: 0160-2896; 1873-7935
• DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2011.05.002

The existence of general-purpose cognitive mechanisms related to intelligence, which appear to facilitate all forms of problem solving, conflicts with the strong modularity view of the mind espoused by some evolutionary psychologists. The current study assessed the contribution of general intelligence ( g) to explaining variation in contextualized deductive reasoning. One hundred and twelve participants solved 70 contextualized reasoning problems in a computerized version of the Wason Card Selection Task that recorded both accuracy and reaction time. Consistent with prior research, in the sample as a whole, precautionary and social exchange reasoning problems were solved more frequently and more quickly than reasoning problems about arbitrary rules. At the individual-differences level of analysis, however, performance on all reasoning tests was significantly correlated and loaded on a single deductive-reasoning accuracy factor. Further, this factor was significantly correlated with g. There was no relation, however, between g and the speed of arriving at the correct answer for any form of deductive reasoning. We discuss the implications of these findings for evolutionary psychology, intelligence, and reasoning. ► General-purpose cognitive mechanisms conflict with the strong modularity view. ► We assessed the role of general intelligence ( g) in deductive reasoning. ► g predicted problem solving with evolutionarily familiar as well as novel rules. ► Our results inform existing debates in intelligence and evolutionary psychology.