Angiogenesis and tumour progression: migration-stimulating factor as a novel target for clinical intervention

• Published in: Eye (London) Vol. 24; no. 3; pp. 450 - 458
• Main Authors: Schor, A M, Schor, S L
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.03.2010; Nature Publishing Group
• Subjects: Biological and medical sciences; Biomarkers - metabolism; cambridge-ophthalmological-symposium; Cell Movement - physiology; Cytokines - drug effects; Cytokines - metabolism; Disease Progression; Fibroblasts - metabolism; Humans; Laboratory Medicine; Medical sciences; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Miscellaneous; Neoplasms - metabolism; Neovascularization, Pathologic - drug therapy; Neovascularization, Pathologic - metabolism; Ophthalmology; Pharmaceutical Sciences/Technology; Protein Isoforms - metabolism; Surgery; Surgical Oncology; Transforming Growth Factor beta - pharmacology; 5-azacytidine; MSF; cancer; metastasis; angiogenesis; epigenetics; Antineoplastic agent; Metastasis; Malignant tumor; Angiogenesis; Azanucleoside; Target; Antimetabolic; Azacitidine; Triazine derivatives; Tumor progression; Migration stimulating factor; Ophthalmology; Cancer
• ISSN: 0950-222X; 1476-5454
• DOI: 10.1038/eye.2009.314

Migration-stimulating factor (MSF), a soluble genetically truncated isoform of fibronectin, is a potent oncofoetal regulatory molecule. Its 2.1-kb message is generated from the fibronectin gene by a variant of standard alternative splicing involving premature intra-intronic cleavage. MSF is constitutively expressed by both epithelial and stromal cells during foetal development and in patients with cancer, but is generally not expressed in healthy adults. MSF affects the behaviour of a broad range of potential target cells (fibroblasts, vascular, and epithelial) in terms of stimulation of their migration/invasion, matrix remodelling and induction of angiogenesis. It also functions as an autocrine survival factor for the angiogenic endothelium. MSF expression by foetal and cancer patient cells adherent to an appropriate matrix may be persistently switched off by a transient exposure to TGF- β 1; conversely, MSF expression by adult dermal fibroblasts adherent to other matrices may be persistently switched on by a transient exposure to TGF- β or various pharmacological agents known to alter gene expression by epigenetic mechanisms. The manifestation of MSF effects on target cells is similarly dependent on the inter-dependent signalling of soluble factors and matrix molecules. The significant association between elevated MSF expression and poor survival in patients with breast and oral cancer suggests that MSF may function as a driver of tumour progression. Accordingly, we suggest that the downregulation of MSF expression (eg, by siRNA or pharmacological agents) and/or inhibition of its bioactivities (by function-neutralising antibodies or MSF inhibitors) may provide a clinically efficacious means of improving treatment outcome in cancer patients.