Biotechnological production and applications of phytases

• Published in: Applied microbiology and biotechnology Vol. 68; no. 5; pp. 588 - 597
• Main Authors: Haefner, Stefan, Knietsch, Anja, Scholten, Edzard, Braun, Joerg, Lohscheidt, Markus, Zelder, Oskar
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin Berlin/Heidelberg : Springer-Verlag 01.09.2005; Springer; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: 6-Phytase - biosynthesis; 6-Phytase - chemistry; 6-Phytase - genetics; 6-Phytase - pharmacology; Animal Feed; Animal nutrition; Animals; Biological and medical sciences; Biotechnology; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Environmental protection; Enzymatic activity; Enzyme engineering; Enzymes; Excretion; Fermentation; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Fungal Proteins - chemistry; Fungal Proteins - metabolism; Fungal Proteins - pharmacology; High temperature; Methods. Procedures. Technologies; Miscellaneous; Phosphorus, Dietary - metabolism; Plant Proteins - chemistry; Plant Proteins - metabolism; Plant Proteins - pharmacology; Plants, Genetically Modified - genetics; Plants, Genetically Modified - metabolism; Protein Engineering; Trace elements; Transgenic plants; Biotechnology; Enzyme; 3-Phytase; 6-Phytase; Production; Phosphoric monoester hydrolases; Hydrolases; Esterases; Fermentation; Application
• ISSN: 0175-7598; 1432-0614
• DOI: 10.1007/s00253-005-0005-y

Phytases decompose phytate, which is the primary storage form of phosphate in plants. More than 10 years ago, the first commercial phytase product became available on the market. It offered to help farmers reduce phosphorus excretion of monogastric animals by replacing inorganic phosphates by microbial phytase in the animal diet. Phytase application can reduce phosphorus excretion by up to 50%, a feat that would contribute significantly toward environmental protection. Furthermore, phytase supplementation leads to improved availability of minerals and trace elements. In addition to its major application in animal nutrition, phytase is also used for processing of human food. Research in this field focuses on better mineral absorption and technical improvement of food processing. All commercial phytase preparations contain microbial enzymes produced by fermentation. A wide variety of phytases were discovered and characterized in the last 10 years. Initial steps to produce phytase in transgenic plants were also undertaken. A crucial role for its commercial success relates to the formulation of the enzyme solution delivered from fermentation. For liquid enzyme products, a long shelf life is achieved by the addition of stabilizing agents. More comfortable for many customers is the use of dry enzyme preparations. Different formulation technologies are used to produce enzyme powders that retain enzyme activity, are stable in application, resistant against high temperatures, dust-free, and easy to handle.