All that glitters: Precious metals, rent seeking and the decline of Spain

I argue that Spain's long-term economic stagnation in the seventeenth century and beyond was the result of a process triggered by the windfall acquisition of precious metals from American mines, and driven by the consolidation of absolutist rule and the peculiar privilege structure of Spanish s...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inEuropean review of economic history Vol. 9; no. 3; pp. 313 - 336
Main Author DRELICHMAN, MAURICIO
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Cambridge, UK Cambridge University Press 01.12.2005
Oxford University Press
Subjects
16th century
17th century
Chancery courts
Clergy
Colonialism
Economic history
Economic rent
Entrepreneurs
Human capital
Land economics
Lawsuits
Mineral resources
Natural resources
Nobility
Precious metals
Property rights
Rent seeking behavior
Rent-seeking
Revenue sharing
Stagnation
Studies
Tax rates
Tax shelters
Spain
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Summary:I argue that Spain's long-term economic stagnation in the seventeenth century and beyond was the result of a process triggered by the windfall acquisition of precious metals from American mines, and driven by the consolidation of absolutist rule and the peculiar privilege structure of Spanish society in the sixteenth century. American treasure allowed the Spanish monarchs to command large amounts of credit and pursue an expansive imperial policy unlike that of any other Early Modern nation; when the cost of the Empire increased and mineral rents fell, the Crown increased the fiscal pressure while allowing skilled human capital to migrate into the tax-sheltered but largely unproductive nobility. I first provide evidence on the role of the silver windfall and the acquisition of nobility titles in the sixteenth century; of particular interest is a new data series of nobility lawsuits constructed from the population of cases housed at the Archive of the Royal Chancery Court in Valladolid. I then develop a unified theoretical framework that explains imperial policy as an optimal response given the existing institutions and the natural resource windfall, recreates the rent-seeking path followed by the Spanish Crown when mineral rents proved insufficient, and accounts for the long-term economic backwardness that Spain experienced in the following centuries as the result of an institutional lock-in.
ISSN:1361-4916
1474-0044
DOI:10.1017/S1361491605001528