Dietary Intake of Heterocyclic Amines and Benzo(a)Pyrene: Associations with Pancreatic Cancer

• Published in: Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention Vol. 14; no. 9; pp. 2261 - 2265
• Main Authors: Anderson, Kristin E., Kadlubar, Fred F., Kulldorff, Martin, Harnack, Lisa, Gross, Myron, Lang, Nicholas P., Barber, Cheryl, Rothman, Nat, Sinha, Rashmi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Philadelphia, PA American Association for Cancer Research 01.09.2005
• Subjects: Aged; Benzo(a)pyrene - adverse effects; Biogenic Amines - adverse effects; Biological and medical sciences; Case-Control Studies; Cooking; cooking practices; Diet; Epidemiology; Female; Gastroenterology. Liver. Pancreas. Abdomen; heterocyclic amines; Heterocyclic Compounds; Humans; Liver. Biliary tract. Portal circulation. Exocrine pancreas; Male; Meat; meat intake; Medical sciences; Middle Aged; Odds Ratio; pancreas cancer; Pancreatic Neoplasms - etiology; Risk Factors; Tumors; United States; North America; America; Human; Nutrition; Pyrene derivatives; Malignant tumor; Epidemiology; Carcinogen; Amine; Cancerology; Diet; Pancreas cancer; Risk factor; Digestive diseases; Public health; Heterocyclic compound; Pancreatic disease
• ISSN: 1055-9965; 1538-7755
• DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-04-0514

Objective: Heterocyclic amines (HCA) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, formed in temperature- and time-dependent manners during the cooking of meat, are mutagens and carcinogens. We sought to assess the association between dietary intake of HCA and benzo( a )pyrene [B( a )P] and exocrine pancreatic cancer in a population-based case-control study. Methods: Subjects (193 cases and 674 controls) provided information on their usual meat intake and preparation method, e.g., stewed, fried, or grilled/barbecued, etc. Meat doneness preferences were measured using photographs that showed internal doneness and external brownness. We used a meat-derived HCA, B( a )P, and mutagen database with a questionnaire to estimate intake of PhIP, DiMeIQx, MeIQx, B( a )P, and mutagenic activity (revertants/g of daily meat intake). Data were analyzed with unconditional logistic regression. Results: In analyses adjusted for age, sex, smoking, education, race, and diabetes, the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval for the highest compared with the lowest quintile were as follows: PhIP, 1.8 (1.0-3.1); DiMeIQx, 2.0 (1.2-3.5); MeIQx, 1.5 (0.9-2.7); B( a )P, 2.2 (1.2-4.0); and mutagenic activity, 2.4 (1.3-4.3). Conclusions: HCAs and B( a )P from well-done barbecued and pan-fried meats may be associated with increased risk for pancreatic cancer.