Effects of cadmium chloride inhalation on airflow limitation to histamine, carbachol and adenosine 5′-monophosphate assessed by barometric whole body plethysmography in healthy dogs

• Published in: The veterinary journal (1997) Vol. 173; no. 1; pp. 62 - 72
• Main Authors: Hirt, Reinhard A., Vondrakova, Katerina, de Arespacochaga, Abigail Guija, Gütl, Andrea, van den Hoven, René
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Ltd 2007
• Subjects: Adenosine 5′-monophosphate; adenosine monophosphate; Adenosine Monophosphate - toxicity; Administration, Inhalation; Animals; barometric whole body plethysmography; Barometric whole body plethysmography (BWBP); Bronchial Spasm - chemically induced; Bronchial Spasm - veterinary; cadmium; Cadmium chloride; Cadmium Chloride - administration & dosage; Cadmium Chloride - toxicity; Canine; Carbachol; Carbachol - toxicity; Dogs; Enhanced pause (PENH); Female; Health; Histamine; Histamine - toxicity; inflammation; Inflammation - chemically induced; Inflammation - veterinary; inhalation exposure; Male; Plethysmography, Whole Body - methods; Plethysmography, Whole Body - veterinary; Pulmonary function testing; respiratory physiology; respiratory system agents; respiratory tract diseases; veterinary medicine; Histamine; Pulmonary function testing; Carbachol; Enhanced pause (PENH); Adenosine 5′-monophosphate; Barometric whole body plethysmography (BWBP); Cadmium chloride; Canine
• ISSN: 1090-0233; 1532-2971
• DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2005.09.016

The effects of pharmacological bronchoprovocation on airflow patterns and surrogate respiratory parameters assessed by barometric whole body plethysmography (BWBP) were investigated in healthy dogs, previously exposed to cadmium chloride inhalation. BWBP-derived respiratory variables were calculated (1) at baseline and (2) following nebulisation of increasing concentrations of histamine, carbachol and adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP) until enhanced pause (PENH) increased to 300% of baseline (PCPENH300). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytology before (BCC) and after (ACC) cadmium chloride inhalation revealed cadmium-induced airway inflammation. Neutrophils increased from 6.7 ± 7.3% (728 ± 104/μL) BCC to 77.8 ± 8.6% (3255 ± 1407/μL) ACC. PCPENH300 for all three agonists significantly decreased ACC (means ± SD) as follows: PCPENH300 histamine 0.72 ± 0.28 mg/mL BCC, and 0.35 ± 0.31 mg/mL ACC ( P < 0.02); PCPENH300 carbachol 0.34 ± 0.16 mg/mL BCC, and 0.064 ± 0.032 mg/mL ACC ( P < 0.02); PCPENH300 AMP 1000 mg/mL BCC, and 415 ± 398 mg/mL ACC ( P < 0.03). The only clinical sign shown was coughing. It was concluded that airway hyperresponsiveness after induced airway inflammation can be determined by BWBP in conscious small sized dogs. BWBP could be a suitable technique to study the respiratory effects of urban environmental pollution in pets.