Children’s altruism following acute stress: The role of autonomic nervous system activity and social support

• Published in: Developmental science Vol. 24; no. 5; pp. e13099 - n/a
• Main Authors: Alen, Nicholas V., Deer, LillyBelle K., Karimi, Mona, Feyzieva, Elis, Hastings, Paul D., Hostinar, Camelia E.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.09.2021
• Subjects: acute stress; Altruism; Autonomic Nervous System; cardiac autonomic balance; Child; Children; Experimental research; Female; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Male; Parasympathetic nervous system; Parents; Population studies; prosocial behavior; Saliva; Social behavior; Social interactions; Social Support; Stress response; Stress, Psychological; social support; prosocial behavior; autonomic nervous system; cardiac autonomic balance; altruism; acute stress
• ISSN: 1363-755X; 1467-7687
• DOI: 10.1111/desc.13099

Altruistic behavior after stress exposure may have important health and psychological benefits, in addition to broader societal consequences. However, so far experimental research on altruism following acute stress has been limited to adult populations. The current study utilized an experimental design to investigate how altruistic donation behavior among children may be influenced by (a) exposure to an acute social stressor, the Trier Social Stress Test modified for use with children (TSST‐M), (b) individual differences in stress physiology, and (c) social support from a parent. The sample consisted of 180 children (54.9% male, 45.1% female; mean age = 9.92 years, SD = 0.56 years) randomly assigned to one of three conditions involving the TSST‐M: (a) prepare for the TSST‐M alone, (b) prepare for the TSST‐M with a parent, and (c) no‐stress control group. Results revealed that children made larger donations post‐stressor if they were alone before the acute stressor, if they had moderate cardiac autonomic balance, reflecting both parasympathetic and sympathetic influence, and if they were older. Children who prepared for the TSST‐M with social support from a parent made comparable donations as children in the no‐stress control group, in accord with stress buffering models. Increased altruism following acute stress among children suggests that a comprehensive understanding of the human stress response needs to incorporate “tend‐and‐befriend” behavior—the tendency for humans to show increased altruistic behavior during times of distress. In this study we tested the effect of acute stress on altruistic donation behavior in children. We found that exposure to an acute social stressor led to increases in altruistic donation behavior, an effect that was not observed in children who received parental support prior to the stressor. In addition, increased altruism was observed in children with moderate levels of resting cardiac autonomic balance.