Blood levels of lead and dental caries in permanent teeth

• Published in: Journal of public health dentistry Vol. 80; no. 4; pp. 297 - 303
• Main Authors: Yepes, Juan F., McCormick‐Norris, Jayme, Vinson, LaQuia A., Eckert, George J., Hu, Howard, Wu, Yue, Jansen, Erica C., Peterson, Karen E., Téllez‐Rojo, Martha M., Mier, Esperanza Angeles Martinez
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Hoboken, USA John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.09.2020; Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adolescents; Age; blood lead levels; Blood levels; Body mass index; Child; Child development; Child, Preschool; Children; Dental caries; Dental Caries - epidemiology; Dentition; Dentition, Permanent; DMF Index; Humans; Hygiene; Infant; Lead; Lead content; Lead poisoning; Mexico - epidemiology; Oral Hygiene; risk factors; Statistical analysis; Teeth; Toxicants; Mexico; dental caries; risk factors; blood lead levels
• ISSN: 0022-4006; 1752-7325
• DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12384

Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is an association between lead exposure within the ages of 1–4 years and dental caries in the permanent dentition between ages 9–17 among Mexican youth. Methods Data were collected for the Early Life Exposures in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) cohort from a group of 490 children born and reared in Mexico City. Among ages 1–4 years, blood lead levels were measured in micrograms of lead per deciliter of blood (μg/dL) and the presence of caries in adolescence was determined using the International Caries and Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). The relationship between blood levels of lead and decayed, missing, or filled surfaces (DMFS) was examined using negative binomial regression. Covariates were selected based on previous studies and included age, gender, socioeconomic status, oral hygiene, body mass index, and diet. The nonlinear relationship between lead and DMFS was examined using smoothing splines. Results The mean overall blood lead level (BLL) was 4.83 μg/dL (S.D. of 2.2). The mean overall caries level (DMFS) was 4.1. No statistically significant association was found between early childhood blood lead levels and dental caries in adolescence. Conclusion This study shows a lack of association between exposure to lead between the ages of 1–4 years of age and dental caries in permanent dentition later in life. Other covariates, such as age and sugar consumption, appeared to play a more prominent role in caries development.