Treatment of localized aggressive periodontitis alters local host immunoinflammatory profiles: A long‐term evaluation

• Published in: Journal of clinical periodontology Vol. 48; no. 2; pp. 237 - 248
• Main Authors: Branco‐de‐Almeida, Luciana S., Cruz‐Almeida, Yenisel, Gonzalez‐Marrero, Yandy, Kudsi, Rachad, Oliveira, Izabel C. V., Dolia, Bogdan, Huang, Hong, Aukhil, Ikramuddin, Harrison, Peter, Shaddox, Luciana M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.02.2021
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; aggressive periodontitis; Aggressive Periodontitis - therapy; Amoxicillin; Amoxicillin - therapeutic use; Biomarkers; Bone resorption; Chemokines; Child; Cytokines - analysis; gingival crevicular fluid; Gingival Crevicular Fluid - chemistry; Gum disease; Humans; Inflammation; long‐term effects; Metronidazole; Osteoprotegerin; Patients; Periodontitis; therapy; TRANCE protein; Young Adult; gingival crevicular fluid; aggressive periodontitis; long-term effects; inflammation; therapy
• ISSN: 0303-6979; 1600-051X
• DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13404

Aim To evaluate the local immunoinflammatory profiles in localized aggressive periodontitis patients (LAP) before and after periodontal treatment and maintenance. Methods Sixty‐six African‐Americans with LAP (7–21 years old) were included. After periodontal examination, all patients received periodontal treatment with mechanical debridement plus systemic amoxicillin/metronidazole for 7 days. Gingival crevicular fluid was collected from diseased and healthy sites at baseline and 3, 6, 12, and 24 months following treatment. Levels of 16 inflammatory/bone resorption markers were determined using Milliplex®. Univariate and correlation analyses were performed among all parameters/biomarkers. Discriminant analyses (DA) evaluated profile differences between LAP diseased and healthy sites at each time point as compared to the baseline. Results Reductions in the clinical parameters (except for visible plaque) were observed at all time points compared to the baseline. Levels of IL‐12p70, IL‐2, IL‐6, MIP‐1α, RANKL, and OPG were reduced after treatment, and several cytokines/chemokines were correlated with clinical parameters reductions. DA showed that differences in the immunoinflammatory profiles between LAP diseased and healthy sites decreased after periodontal treatment compared to the baseline. Conclusions Periodontal treatment modified the local immunoinflammatory profile of LAP sites in the long term, as suggested by changes in biomarkers from baseline, along with clinical stability of the disease. (Clinicaltrials.gov number, NCT01330719).