2-Acylaminopyridin-4-ylimidazoles as p38 MAP Kinase Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, and Biological and Metabolic Evaluations

Targeting cytokines has become an important focus in the treatment of many inflammatory disorders. p38 MAP kinase (MAPK) is the key enzyme in regulating the biosynthesis and release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as IL‐1β and TNFα. Inhibition of p38 MAPK results in decreased expression of these...

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Published inChemMedChem Vol. 4; no. 11; pp. 1939 - 1948
Main Authors Ziegler, Katharina, Hauser, Dominik R. J., Unger, Anke, Albrecht, Wolfgang, Laufer, Stefan A.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Weinheim WILEY-VCH Verlag 02.11.2009
WILEY‐VCH Verlag
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Summary:Targeting cytokines has become an important focus in the treatment of many inflammatory disorders. p38 MAP kinase (MAPK) is the key enzyme in regulating the biosynthesis and release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as IL‐1β and TNFα. Inhibition of p38 MAPK results in decreased expression of these cytokines. Tri‐ and tetrasubstituted pyridinylimidazoles are potent inhibitors of p38 MAPK. Substitution on the pyridinyl moiety allows the design of inhibitors that show increased selectivity and activity by targeting the enzyme's hydrophobic region II. The objective of this study was to synthesize novel 1,2,4,5‐tetrasubstituted imidazole derivates and to characterize them not only for their ability to inhibit p38 MAPK and modulate cytokine release in human whole blood, but also to evaluate their metabolic stability. Biological data and metabolic studies demonstrate that the introduction of a 2‐acylamino function at C2 of the pyridine results in highly efficient and metabolically stable inhibitors relative to C2‐alkylamino derivatives. A series of novel candidates was investigated for metabolic stability in human liver microsomes and in human whole blood. Additionally, metabolic S‐oxidation was investigated, and possible metabolites were synthesized. Novel 1,2,4,5‐tetrasubstituted imidazole derivatives were prepared. They were characterized not only for their ability to inhibit p38 MAP kinase and to modulate cytokine release in human whole blood, but also for their metabolic stability.
Bibliography:istex:458113AF442A596AC040AD0C24ADFF1DDE1FAB8A
ArticleID:CMDC200900242
ark:/67375/WNG-LPMND3TN-N
Fonds der Chemischen Industrie
ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
ISSN:1860-7179
1860-7187
DOI:10.1002/cmdc.200900242