Reduced obesity, diabetes, and steatosis upon cinnamon and grape pomace are associated with changes in gut microbiota and markers of gut barrier

• Published in: American journal of physiology: endocrinology and metabolism Vol. 314; no. 4; pp. E334 - E352
• Main Authors: Van Hul, Matthias, Geurts, Lucie, Plovier, Hubert, Druart, Céline, Everard, Amandine, Ståhlman, Marcus, Rhimi, Moez, Chira, Kleopatra, Teissedre, Pierre-Louis, Delzenne, Nathalie M, Maguin, Emmanuelle, Guilbot, Angèle, Brochot, Amandine, Gérard, Philippe, Bäckhed, Fredrik, Cani, Patrice D
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States American Physiological Society 01.04.2018
• Subjects: Adipose tissue; akkermansia-muciniphila; Animal tissues; Animals; Antimicrobial peptides; antimicrobial properties; Bark; Biomarkers - metabolism; Body fat; Chemical and Process Engineering; Cinnamomum zeylanicum - chemistry; Cinnamon; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - metabolism; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - microbiology; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - prevention & control; Diet; Diet, High-Fat - adverse effects; Dietary supplements; Endocrinology and Diabetes; Endokrinologi och diabetes; Engineering Sciences; Fatty acids; Fatty liver; Fatty Liver - metabolism; Fatty Liver - microbiology; Fatty Liver - prevention & control; Food engineering; Food intake; Gastrointestinal Microbiome - drug effects; Glucose; Glucose tolerance; Grapes; High fat diet; high-fructose diet; Homeostasis; in-vivo; induced insulin-resistance; Insulin; intestinal microbiota; Intestinal microflora; Intestinal Mucosa - drug effects; Intestinal Mucosa - metabolism; Intestinal Mucosa - microbiology; Life Sciences; Liver; Male; metabolic; Metabolic Diseases - etiology; Metabolic Diseases - metabolism; Metabolic Diseases - microbiology; Metabolic Diseases - prevention & control; Metabolic syndrome; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Microbiota; Microorganisms; Obesity; Obesity - metabolism; Obesity - microbiology; Obesity - prevention & control; Peptides; Permeability; phenolic-compounds; Plant Extracts - pharmacology; Plant Extracts - therapeutic use; Polyphenols; Proteins; Risk analysis; Risk factors; Steatosis; syndrome; ulcerative-colitis; Vitis - chemistry; Weight control; polyphenols; gut barrier; diabetes; obesity; gut microbiota
• ISSN: 0193-1849; 1522-1555
• DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00107.2017

Increasing evidence suggests that polyphenols have a significant potential in the prevention and treatment of risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome. The objective of this study was to assess the metabolic outcomes of two polyphenol-containing extracts from cinnamon bark (CBE) and grape pomace (GPE) on C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 wk. Both CBE and GPE were able to decrease fat mass gain and adipose tissue inflammation in mice fed a HFD without reducing food intake. This was associated with reduced liver steatosis and lower plasma nonesterified fatty acid levels. We also observed a beneficial effect on glucose homeostasis, as evidenced by an improved glucose tolerance and a lower insulin resistance index. These ameliorations of the overall metabolic profile were associated with a significant impact on the microbial composition, which was more profound for the GPE than for the CBE. At the genus level, Peptococcus were decreased in the CBE group. In the GPE-treated group, several key genera that have been previously found to be linked with HFD, metabolic effects, and gut barrier integrity were affected: we observed a decrease of Desulfovibrio, Lactococcus, whereas Allobaculum and Roseburia were increased. In addition, the expression of several antimicrobial peptides and tight junction proteins was increased in response to both CBE and GPE supplementation, indicating an improvement of the gut barrier function. Collectively, these data suggest that CBE and GPE can ameliorate the overall metabolic profile of mice on a high-fat diet, partly by acting on the gut microbiota.