The Etiology of the Thrombotic Phenomena Involved in the Process of Coronary Artery Disease-What Is the Role of Thrombophilic Genes in the Development of This Pathology?

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 25; no. 10; p. 5228
• Main Authors: Bararu Bojan, Iris, Dobreanu, Stefan, Vladeanu, Maria Cristina, Ciocoiu, Manuela, Badescu, Codruta, Plesoianu, Carmen, Filip, Nina, Iliescu, Dan, Frasinariu, Otilia, Bojan, Andrei, Tudor, Razvan, Badulescu, Oana Viola
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 11.05.2024
• Subjects: Acute coronary syndromes; arterial thrombosis; Atherosclerosis; Autoimmune diseases; Blood clot; Blood clots; Blood coagulation factors; Cardiovascular disease; Chemokines; coronary artery disease; Coronary Artery Disease - etiology; Coronary Artery Disease - genetics; Coronary Artery Disease - pathology; Coronary heart disease; Coronary vessels; Development and progression; Factor V - genetics; factor V Leiden; Family medical history; Genes; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Health aspects; Hematology; Humans; Medical research; Medicine, Experimental; Mortality; Mutation; Pathology; Pathophysiology; Permeability; plasminogen activator inhibitor 1; Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 - genetics; Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 - metabolism; Proteins; Prothrombin - genetics; Prothrombin - metabolism; prothrombin mutation; Risk Factors; thrombophilia; Thrombophilia - etiology; Thrombophilia - genetics; Thrombosis; Thrombosis - etiology; Thrombosis - genetics; Thrombosis - pathology; Vein & artery diseases; Romania; antiphospholipid syndrome; coronary artery disease; factor V Leiden; hyperhomocysteinemia; thrombophilia; prothrombin mutation; arterial thrombosis; plasminogen activator inhibitor 1
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105228

Cardiovascular diseases, among which includes coronary artery disease, represent one of the most important causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Research aimed at determining the risk factors involved recognizes a group of "traditional" risk factors, but also more recent studies identified over 100 "novel" ones which may have a role in the disease. Among the latter is the thrombophilia profile of a patient, a pathology well-established for its involvement in venous thromboembolism, but with less studied implications in arterial thrombosis. This paper reviews the literature, explaining the pathophysiology of the thrombophilia causes associated most with coronary thrombosis events. Results of several studies on the subject, including a meta-analysis with over 60,000 subjects, determined the significant involvement of factor V Leiden, prothrombin G20210A mutation, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and antiphospholipid syndrome in the development of coronary artery disease. The mechanisms involved are currently at different stages of research, with some already established and used as therapeutic targets.