GNSS Spoofing and Detection

• Published in: Proceedings of the IEEE Vol. 104; no. 6; pp. 1258 - 1270
• Main Authors: Psiaki, Mark L., Humphreys, Todd E.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York IEEE 01.06.2016; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Defense; Global navigation satellite system; Global Positioning System; GNSS; GPS; Military aircraft; Navigation satellites; Receivers; Recommendations; Satellite navigation systems; Security; Spoofing; spoofing detection; Tracking loops; Unmanned aerial vehicles; spoofing detection; GPS; GNSS; spoofing
• ISSN: 0018-9219; 1558-2256
• DOI: 10.1109/JPROC.2016.2526658

Global navigation satellite signals can be spoofed by false signals, but special receivers can provide defenses against such attacks. The development of good spoofing defenses requires an understanding of the possible attack modes of a spoofer and the properties of those modes that can be exploited for defense purposes. Sets of attack methods and defense methods are described in detail. An attack/defense matrix is developed that documents which defense techniques are effective against the various attack techniques. Recommendations are generated to improve the offerings of commercial off-the-shelf receivers from the current situation, a complete lack of spoofing defenses, to a situation in which various levels of defense are present, some that add significant security for relatively little additional cost and others that add more security at costs that start to become appreciable.