Dietary fatty acid composition affects the repeat swimming performance of Atlantic salmon in seawater
Repeated critical swimming performance trials ( U crit) were performed on Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar) to test the null hypothesis that the source of dietary lipids (fish-based, poultry-based, and plant-based) does not influence exercise and recovery performance. Four diets were prepared by extens...
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Published in | Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Molecular & integrative physiology Vol. 137; no. 3; pp. 567 - 576 |
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Main Authors | , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
United States
Elsevier Inc
01.03.2004
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Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | Repeated critical swimming performance trials (
U
crit) were performed on Atlantic salmon (
Salmo salar) to test the null hypothesis that the source of dietary lipids (fish-based, poultry-based, and plant-based) does not influence exercise and recovery performance. Four diets were prepared by extensively replacing supplemental lipid from anchovy oil (AO; 100% AO at 150 g/kg) with cold pressed flaxseed oil (FO; 25% AO, 75% FO), sunflower oil (SO; 25% AO, 75% SO), or poultry fat (PF; 25% AO, 75% PF). These diets had equivalent protein and energy concentrations, but due to the different supplemental lipid sources, varied widely in their fatty acid composition. Fish fed AO had a significantly higher (
P<0.05) first
U
crit (2.62±0.07 body lenght s
−1) than those fed PF (2.22±0.12 body lenght s
−1) that had low muscle ratios of n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 HUFA) to saturated fatty acids (SFA) and arachidonic acid (AA), and high levels of oleic acid. Fish in the FO and SO diet groups swam as well as AO-fed fish in both swimming trials. The performance of fish fed AO decreased significantly (
P<0.05) during the second swimming trial (i.e.
U
crit2/
U
crit1=0.92±0.02). No significant differences occurred between diet groups for the second swim trial. There was a positive correlation between both n-3 HUFA/SFA and n-3 HUFA/AA ratios, and
U
crit1. A negative correlation was found between dietary AA and oleic acids, and
U
crit1. The present study suggests that low dietary n-3 HUFA/ SFA and n-3 HUFA/AA ratios may negatively affect swimming performance. The former possibly can be offset by increasing linoleic acid in the presence of nutritionally adequate n-3 HUFA (e.g. SO diet). Lipid supplements consisting largely of vegetable oils did not compromise fish cardiorespiratory physiology under the conditions of this study. |
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Bibliography: | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
ISSN: | 1095-6433 1531-4332 |
DOI: | 10.1016/j.cbpb.2003.11.005 |