Ideology Construction, Grassroots Mobilization, and Party Strategy in South Africa and the United States, 1934–1948

• Published in: Polity Vol. 43; no. 2; pp. 154 - 178
• Main Authors: Gelbman, Shamira M., Rhodes, Jesse H.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Palgrave Macmillan 01.04.2011; Palgrave Macmillan UK; The University of Chicago Press; University of Chicago Press
• Subjects: Aircraft maneuvers; Apartheid; Conservatism; Electoral Systems; Grass Roots; Historical analysis; Ideology; International Relations; Liberalism; Mobilization; Nationalism; Nationalist parties; New Deal; Political activism; Political campaigns; Political leadership; Political parties; Political Science; Political Science and International Relations; Political Science and International Studies; Political Theory; Scholarship; Social activism; South Africa; Studies; United States of America; US Politics; Voters; Voting; United States > US; party strategy; party ideology; party organization; partisan realignment; racial conservatism
• ISSN: 0032-3497; 1744-1684
• DOI: 10.1057/pol.2010.30

According to recent scholarship, parties in a variety of electoral systems can significantly increase their share of the vote with “flanking moves” designed to siphon off opponents’ supporters with appeals to neglected policy concerns. These models do not specify the conditions that enable parties to carry out such maneuvers, however. We maintain that to take advantage of flanking opportunities, parties must undertake two tasks—ideology construction and grassroots mobilization—prior to the emergence of those opportunities. We illustrate our argument with a comparative-historical analysis of the National Party in South Africa and the Republican Party in the United States. Facing similar strategic contexts after the Great Depression, the two parties responded very differently to opportunities to attract voters through conservative racial appeals during the 1940s.