Intra- and interspecies variation and population dynamics of Fasciola gigantica among ruminants in Sudan

• Published in: Parasitology research (1987) Vol. 123; no. 5; p. 210
• Main Authors: Ibrahim, Kamal, Chatanga, Elisha, Mohamed, Nouh S., Ahmed, Ayman, Alasmari, Saeed, Almathen, Faisal, Nakao, Ryo, Salim, Bashir
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.05.2024; Springer; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Analysis; Animals; Beef cattle; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; Cattle; Cattle Diseases - epidemiology; Cattle Diseases - parasitology; Cytochrome oxidase; Cytochrome-c oxidase; Electron Transport Complex IV - genetics; Fasciola - classification; Fasciola - genetics; Fasciola - isolation & purification; Fasciola gigantica; Fascioliasis - epidemiology; Fascioliasis - parasitology; Fascioliasis - veterinary; Genetic aspects; genetic distance; Genetic research; Genetic Variation; Goat Diseases - epidemiology; Goat Diseases - parasitology; Goats; Goats - parasitology; Haplotypes; Host specificity; hosts; Immunology; Livestock; Medical Microbiology; Microbiology; mitochondria; NADH dehydrogenase; NADH Dehydrogenase - genetics; parasites; Phylogeny; Population biology; Population Dynamics; population growth; Ruminants - parasitology; Sequence Analysis, DNA; sheep; Sheep - parasitology; Sheep Diseases - epidemiology; Sheep Diseases - parasitology; snails; statistical analysis; Sudan; Sudan - epidemiology; Sudan; Japan; Egypt; South Africa; Uganda; Algeria; Zambia; Nigeria; Sheep; Genetic diversity; Goats; Cattle; Sudan; Fasciola gigantica
• ISSN: 0932-0113; 1432-1955; 1432-1955
• DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08201-5

Fasciola gigantica is a widespread parasite that causes neglected disease in livestock worldwide. Its high transmissibility and dispersion are attributed to its ability to infect intermediate snail hosts and adapt to various mammalian definitive hosts. This study investigated the variation and population dynamics of F. gigantica in cattle, sheep, and goats from three states in Sudan. Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (ND1) genes were sequenced successfully to examine intra and interspecific differences. ND1 exhibited higher diversity than COI, with 15 haplotypes and 10 haplotypes, respectively. Both genes had high haplotype diversity but low nucleotide diversity, with 21 and 11 polymorphic sites for ND1 and COI, respectively. Mismatch distribution analysis and neutrality tests revealed that F. gigantica from different host species was in a state of population expansion. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees and median networks revealed that F. gigantica in Sudan and other African countries had host-specific and country-specific lineages for both genes. The study also indicated that F. gigantica -infected small ruminants were evolutionarily distant, suggesting deep and historical interspecies adaptation.