Layer-by-layer assembled nanorough iridium-oxide/platinum-black for low-voltage microscale electrode neurostimulation
•A low impedance and high charge-injection material with an enhanced surface area is proposed.•A layer-by-layer assembly of IrOx/Pt-black with nanoroughness is fabricated.•IrOx/Pt-black has half the impedance and 2.4 times QCDC of a same-sized flat-IrOx.•In vivo electrical stimulation of the sciatic...
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Published in | Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical Vol. 206; pp. 205 - 211 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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01.01.2015
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Abstract | •A low impedance and high charge-injection material with an enhanced surface area is proposed.•A layer-by-layer assembly of IrOx/Pt-black with nanoroughness is fabricated.•IrOx/Pt-black has half the impedance and 2.4 times QCDC of a same-sized flat-IrOx.•In vivo electrical stimulation of the sciatic nerve of a mouse is demonstrated using a low voltage IrOx/Pt-black plated microelectrode.
Electrical neural stimulating electrodes play an important role in medical applications and improving health/medical conditions. However, size reduction for low-invasive electrodes creates issues with high electrolyte/electrode interfacial impedance and low charge-injection characteristics, which makes it impossible to stimulate neurons/cells. To overcome these limitations, we propose an electrode material for low-voltage microscale electrode neurostimulation that combines the advantages of low impedance of iridium oxide (IrOx) with the enhanced surface area of platinum black (Pt-black). Based on a simple, rapid, low-temperature electroplating process, herein a low impedance and high charge-injection electrode is fabricated by a layer-by-layer assembly of IrOx/Pt-black with nanoscale roughness. The assembled nanorough-IrOx/Pt-black electrode has an impedance of 32 Ωcm2 at 1kHz and a charge-injection delivery capacity (QCDC) of 46.7mCcm−2, which are 0.5 and 2.4 times the values for the same-sized IrOx/flat-Pt electrode, respectively. The stimulation capability of the nanorough-IrOx/Pt-black plated microelectrode is confirmed by in vivo stimulations of the sciatic nerve of a mouse. The threshold voltages of 8-μm-diameter and 11-μm-diameter electrodes are 700mV and 300mV, respectively. However, increasing the diameter of high QCDC nanorough-IrOx/Pt-black can further reduce the stimulation voltage. Consequently, nanorough-IrOx/Pt-black is applicable to low-voltage microscale electrode neurostimulations for powerful in vivo/in vitro electrophysiological measurements. |
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AbstractList | •A low impedance and high charge-injection material with an enhanced surface area is proposed.•A layer-by-layer assembly of IrOx/Pt-black with nanoroughness is fabricated.•IrOx/Pt-black has half the impedance and 2.4 times QCDC of a same-sized flat-IrOx.•In vivo electrical stimulation of the sciatic nerve of a mouse is demonstrated using a low voltage IrOx/Pt-black plated microelectrode.
Electrical neural stimulating electrodes play an important role in medical applications and improving health/medical conditions. However, size reduction for low-invasive electrodes creates issues with high electrolyte/electrode interfacial impedance and low charge-injection characteristics, which makes it impossible to stimulate neurons/cells. To overcome these limitations, we propose an electrode material for low-voltage microscale electrode neurostimulation that combines the advantages of low impedance of iridium oxide (IrOx) with the enhanced surface area of platinum black (Pt-black). Based on a simple, rapid, low-temperature electroplating process, herein a low impedance and high charge-injection electrode is fabricated by a layer-by-layer assembly of IrOx/Pt-black with nanoscale roughness. The assembled nanorough-IrOx/Pt-black electrode has an impedance of 32 Ωcm2 at 1kHz and a charge-injection delivery capacity (QCDC) of 46.7mCcm−2, which are 0.5 and 2.4 times the values for the same-sized IrOx/flat-Pt electrode, respectively. The stimulation capability of the nanorough-IrOx/Pt-black plated microelectrode is confirmed by in vivo stimulations of the sciatic nerve of a mouse. The threshold voltages of 8-μm-diameter and 11-μm-diameter electrodes are 700mV and 300mV, respectively. However, increasing the diameter of high QCDC nanorough-IrOx/Pt-black can further reduce the stimulation voltage. Consequently, nanorough-IrOx/Pt-black is applicable to low-voltage microscale electrode neurostimulations for powerful in vivo/in vitro electrophysiological measurements. |
Author | Numano, Rika Sawahata, Hirohito Kawano, Takeshi Yamagiwa, Shota Fujishiro, Akifumi Ishida, Makoto |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Shota surname: Yamagiwa fullname: Yamagiwa, Shota email: yamagiwa-s@int.ee.tut.ac.jp organization: Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan – sequence: 2 givenname: Akifumi surname: Fujishiro fullname: Fujishiro, Akifumi email: fujishiro-a@int.ee.tut.ac.jp organization: Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan – sequence: 3 givenname: Hirohito surname: Sawahata fullname: Sawahata, Hirohito email: sawahata@int.ee.tut.ac.jp organization: Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan – sequence: 4 givenname: Rika surname: Numano fullname: Numano, Rika email: numano@tut.jp organization: Electronics-Interdisciplinary Research Institute (EIIRIS), Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan – sequence: 5 givenname: Makoto surname: Ishida fullname: Ishida, Makoto email: ishida@ee.tut.ac.jp organization: Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan – sequence: 6 givenname: Takeshi surname: Kawano fullname: Kawano, Takeshi email: kawano@ee.tut.ac.jp organization: Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan |
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