Alcohol dependence decreases functional activation of the caudate nucleus during model‐based decision processes

• Published in: Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research Vol. 46; no. 5; pp. 749 - 758
• Main Authors: Magrabi, Amadeus, Beck, Anne, Schad, Daniel J., Lett, Tristram A., Stoppel, Christian M., Charlet, Katrin, Kiefer, Falk, Heinz, Andreas, Walter, Henrik
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England 01.05.2022
• Subjects: alcohol; Alcoholism - diagnostic imaging; Caudate Nucleus - diagnostic imaging; computational modeling; decision making; Decision Making - physiology; fMRI; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods; Reward; value; alcohol; fMRI; computational modeling; value; decision making
• ISSN: 0145-6008; 1530-0277; 1530-0277
• DOI: 10.1111/acer.14812

Background Impaired decision making, a key characteristic of alcohol dependence (AD), manifests in continuous alcohol consumption despite severe negative consequences. The neural basis of this impairment in individuals with AD and differences with known neural decision mechanisms among healthy subjects are not fully understood. In particular, it is unclear whether the choice behavior among individuals with AD is based on a general impairment of decision mechanisms or is mainly explained by altered value attribution, with an overly high subjective value attributed to alcohol‐related stimuli. Methods Here, we use a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) monetary reward task to compare the neural processes of model‐based decision making and value computation between AD individuals (n = 32) and healthy controls (n = 32). During fMRI, participants evaluated monetary offers with respect to dynamically changing constraints and different levels of uncertainty. Results Individuals with AD showed lower activation associated with model‐based decision processes in the caudate nucleus than controls, but there were no group differences in value‐related neural activity or task performance. Conclusions Our findings highlight the role of the caudate nucleus in impaired model‐based decisions of alcohol‐dependent individuals. Impairment of decision‐making is a key characteristic of alcohol dependence, but the neural basis and differences to decision mechanisms of healthy subjects are still not fully understood. Here we use an fMRI monetary reward task to compare neural processes of model‐based decision‐making and value computation between patients and controls. Patients showed decreased activation associated with model‐based decision processes in caudate nucleus, but there were no value‐related or behavioral differences between groups, highlighting the role of the caudate in impaired decisions of patients.