Science behind cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in humans:A clinical study

• Published in: Asian Pacific journal of tropical biomedicine Vol. 2; no. 8; pp. 640 - 644
• Main Authors: Arunkumar, PA, Viswanatha, GL, Radheshyam, N, Mukund, H, Belliyappa, MS
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: China Elsevier B.V 01.08.2012; Asian Pacific Tropical Medicine Press
• Subjects: Acute Kidney Injury - chemically induced; Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Agents - adverse effects; Antineoplastic Agents - therapeutic use; Cisplatin; Cisplatin - adverse effects; Cisplatin - therapeutic use; Creatinine; Electrolyte; Electrolyte imbalance; Female; Humans; Hypocalcaemia; Hypomagnesia; imbalance; Kidney - drug effects; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms - drug therapy; Original; Prospective Studies; Water-Electrolyte Balance - drug effects; Creatinine; Hypomagnesia; Hypocalcaemia; Electrolyte imbalance; Cisplatin
• ISSN: 2221-1691; 2588-9222
• DOI: 10.1016/S2221-1691(12)60112-9

Objective:To investigate the relationship between serum electrolyte changes and cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity.Methods:We collected data from 18 patients undergoing cisplatin chemotherapy including serum electrolytes,creatinine,blood urea nitrogen(BUN) and urine potassium,sodium and pH levels before and after the cisplatin chemotherapy.All the patients had cancer and were treated with 40-50 mg/day cisplatin.Renal injury was assessed by measuring serum electrolytes,creatinine,BUN levels and urine potassium,sodium and pH levels. Results:The five cycles of cisplatin based chemotherapy resulted in hypomagnesia(P=0.029), hypocalcaemia(P=0.001~*),hypophosphatemia(P=0.003*),hypokalemia(P=0.001~*)and increased serum creatinine(P=0.001~*)and BUN(P=0.292~*)levels.In urine analysis,decrease in potassium(P=0.024~*)was found,except potassium there was no significant changes in sodium and urine pH. Conclusions:The present study demonstrates that,acute nephrotoxicity was observed in patients with different types of cancers undergoing cisplatin based chemotherapy due to electrolyte disturbances,when no corrective measures were initiated.