Computational prediction of the molecular configuration of three-dimensional network polymers

• Published in: Nature materials Vol. 20; no. 10; pp. 1422 - 1430
• Main Authors: De Keer, Lies, Kilic, Karsu I., Van Steenberge, Paul H. M., Daelemans, Lode, Kodura, Daniel, Frisch, Hendrik, De Clerck, Karen, Reyniers, Marie-Françoise, Barner-Kowollik, Christopher, Dauskardt, Reinhold H., D’hooge, Dagmar R.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.10.2021; Nature Publishing Group; Springer Nature
• Subjects: 119/118; 140/131; 639/166/898; 639/301/1034; 639/638/455; 639/705; Biomaterials; Chemical reactions; Chemistry; Chemistry and Materials Science; Condensed Matter Physics; Functional groups; Materials Science; Molecular dynamics; Molecular structure; Nanotechnology; Network formation; Optical and Electronic Materials; Physics; Polymers; Pore size; Pore size distribution; Structural members; Synthesis
• ISSN: 1476-1122; 1476-4660
• DOI: 10.1038/s41563-021-01040-0

The three-dimensional arrangement of natural and synthetic network materials determines their application range. Control over the real-time incorporation of each building block and functional group is desired to regulate the macroscopic properties of the material from the molecular level onwards. Here we report an approach combining kinetic Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations that chemically and physically predicts the interactions between building blocks in time and in space for the entire formation process of three-dimensional networks. This framework takes into account variations in inter- and intramolecular chemical reactivity, diffusivity, segmental compositions, branch/network point locations and defects. From the kinetic and three-dimensional structural information gathered, we construct structure–property relationships based on molecular descriptors such as pore size or dangling chain distribution and differentiate ideal from non-ideal structural elements. We validate such relationships by synthesizing organosilica, epoxy–amine and Diels–Alder networks with tailored properties and functions, further demonstrating the broad applicability of the platform. A computational platform describing the spatial and temporal interactions of monomers during the formation of network polymers provides structure–property relationships that are used to synthesize 3D network polymers with tailored functionalities.