Gastrointestinal cell injury and perceived symptoms after running the Boston Marathon
Gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances are a prevalent cause of marathon related complaints, and in extreme cases can promote life-threatening conditions such as exertional heat stroke. Our aim was to study intestinal cell injury [via intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP)] and perceived GI dist...
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| Published in | Frontiers in physiology Vol. 14; p. 1268306 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Frontiers Media S.A
16.10.2023
|
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1664-042X 1664-042X |
| DOI | 10.3389/fphys.2023.1268306 |
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| Abstract | Gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances are a prevalent cause of marathon related complaints, and in extreme cases can promote life-threatening conditions such as exertional heat stroke. Our aim was to study intestinal cell injury [via intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP)] and perceived GI distress symptoms among marathon runners. We also examined potential risk factors (e.g., inadequate sleep) that could exacerbate GI disturbances in healthy, trained endurance runners. This was a parallel mixed-methods study design. 2019 Boston Marathon participants were recruited via email and subjects completed surveys before the race describing demographics and training history. Participants completed a GI questionnaire to assess presence and severity of symptoms, a survey regarding risk factors (e.g., recent illness, medications) that could promote GI disturbances, and provided a urine sample at three time points (immediately pre-race, post-race, and 24-h post-race). Due to weather, blood samples were only collected immediately and 24-h post-race. A total of 40 runners (males:
n
= 19, age = 44.9 ± 10.8 years; females: n = 21, age = 44.8 ± 10.6 years) completed this study. I-FABP significantly decreased from post-race (3367.5 ± 2633.5 pg/mL) to 24-h post-race (1657.3 ± 950.7 pg/mL, t (39) = −4.228,
p
< .001, d = −.669). There was a significant difference in overall GI symptom scores across the three time points (F (2, 39) = 41.37,
p
< .001). The highest average score occurred post-race (.84 ± .68), compared to pre-race (.09 ± .12) and 24-h post-race (.44 ± .28). Post-race I-FABP (r = .31,
p
= .048) and post-race urine specific gravity (r = .33,
p
= .041) were significantly correlated with post-race GI symptom scores. Our study provides further support to the individualized nature of GI disturbances, with participants experiencing a wide range of risk factors that can influence the extent of GI damage and perceived symptoms during and after exercise. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances are a prevalent cause of marathon related complaints, and in extreme cases can promote life-threatening conditions such as exertional heat stroke. Our aim was to study intestinal cell injury [via intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP)] and perceived GI distress symptoms among marathon runners. We also examined potential risk factors (e.g., inadequate sleep) that could exacerbate GI disturbances in healthy, trained endurance runners. This was a parallel mixed-methods study design. 2019 Boston Marathon participants were recruited via email and subjects completed surveys before the race describing demographics and training history. Participants completed a GI questionnaire to assess presence and severity of symptoms, a survey regarding risk factors (e.g., recent illness, medications) that could promote GI disturbances, and provided a urine sample at three time points (immediately pre-race, post-race, and 24-h post-race). Due to weather, blood samples were only collected immediately and 24-h post-race. A total of 40 runners (males: n = 19, age = 44.9 ± 10.8 years; females: n = 21, age = 44.8 ± 10.6 years) completed this study. I-FABP significantly decreased from post-race (3367.5 ± 2633.5 pg/mL) to 24-h post-race (1657.3 ± 950.7 pg/mL, t (39) = -4.228, p < .001, d = -.669). There was a significant difference in overall GI symptom scores across the three time points (F (2, 39) = 41.37, p < .001). The highest average score occurred post-race (.84 ± .68), compared to pre-race (.09 ± .12) and 24-h post-race (.44 ± .28). Post-race I-FABP (r = .31, p = .048) and post-race urine specific gravity (r = .33, p = .041) were significantly correlated with post-race GI symptom scores. Our study provides further support to the individualized nature of GI disturbances, with participants experiencing a wide range of risk factors that can influence the extent of GI damage and perceived symptoms during and after exercise.Gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances are a prevalent cause of marathon related complaints, and in extreme cases can promote life-threatening conditions such as exertional heat stroke. Our aim was to study intestinal cell injury [via intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP)] and perceived GI distress symptoms among marathon runners. We also examined potential risk factors (e.g., inadequate sleep) that could exacerbate GI disturbances in healthy, trained endurance runners. This was a parallel mixed-methods study design. 2019 Boston Marathon participants were recruited via email and subjects completed surveys before the race describing demographics and training history. Participants completed a GI questionnaire to assess presence and severity of symptoms, a survey regarding risk factors (e.g., recent illness, medications) that could promote GI disturbances, and provided a urine sample at three time points (immediately pre-race, post-race, and 24-h post-race). Due to weather, blood samples were only collected immediately and 24-h post-race. A total of 40 runners (males: n = 19, age = 44.9 ± 10.8 years; females: n = 21, age = 44.8 ± 10.6 years) completed this study. I-FABP significantly decreased from post-race (3367.5 ± 2633.5 pg/mL) to 24-h post-race (1657.3 ± 950.7 pg/mL, t (39) = -4.228, p < .001, d = -.669). There was a significant difference in overall GI symptom scores across the three time points (F (2, 39) = 41.37, p < .001). The highest average score occurred post-race (.84 ± .68), compared to pre-race (.09 ± .12) and 24-h post-race (.44 ± .28). Post-race I-FABP (r = .31, p = .048) and post-race urine specific gravity (r = .33, p = .041) were significantly correlated with post-race GI symptom scores. Our study provides further support to the individualized nature of GI disturbances, with participants experiencing a wide range of risk factors that can influence the extent of GI damage and perceived symptoms during and after exercise. Gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances are a prevalent cause of marathon related complaints, and in extreme cases can promote life-threatening conditions such as exertional heat stroke. Our aim was to study intestinal cell injury [via intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP)] and perceived GI distress symptoms among marathon runners. We also examined potential risk factors (e.g., inadequate sleep) that could exacerbate GI disturbances in healthy, trained endurance runners. This was a parallel mixed-methods study design. 2019 Boston Marathon participants were recruited via email and subjects completed surveys before the race describing demographics and training history. Participants completed a GI questionnaire to assess presence and severity of symptoms, a survey regarding risk factors (e.g., recent illness, medications) that could promote GI disturbances, and provided a urine sample at three time points (immediately pre-race, post-race, and 24-h post-race). Due to weather, blood samples were only collected immediately and 24-h post-race. A total of 40 runners (males: n = 19, age = 44.9 ± 10.8 years; females: n = 21, age = 44.8 ± 10.6 years) completed this study. I-FABP significantly decreased from post-race (3367.5 ± 2633.5 pg/mL) to 24-h post-race (1657.3 ± 950.7 pg/mL, t (39) = −4.228, p < .001, d = −.669). There was a significant difference in overall GI symptom scores across the three time points (F (2, 39) = 41.37, p < .001). The highest average score occurred post-race (.84 ± .68), compared to pre-race (.09 ± .12) and 24-h post-race (.44 ± .28). Post-race I-FABP (r = .31, p = .048) and post-race urine specific gravity (r = .33, p = .041) were significantly correlated with post-race GI symptom scores. Our study provides further support to the individualized nature of GI disturbances, with participants experiencing a wide range of risk factors that can influence the extent of GI damage and perceived symptoms during and after exercise. Gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances are a prevalent cause of marathon related complaints, and in extreme cases can promote life-threatening conditions such as exertional heat stroke. Our aim was to study intestinal cell injury [via intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP)] and perceived GI distress symptoms among marathon runners. We also examined potential risk factors (e.g., inadequate sleep) that could exacerbate GI disturbances in healthy, trained endurance runners. This was a parallel mixed-methods study design. 2019 Boston Marathon participants were recruited via email and subjects completed surveys before the race describing demographics and training history. Participants completed a GI questionnaire to assess presence and severity of symptoms, a survey regarding risk factors (e.g., recent illness, medications) that could promote GI disturbances, and provided a urine sample at three time points (immediately pre-race, post-race, and 24-h post-race). Due to weather, blood samples were only collected immediately and 24-h post-race. A total of 40 runners (males: n = 19, age = 44.9 ± 10.8 years; females: n = 21, age = 44.8 ± 10.6 years) completed this study. I-FABP significantly decreased from post-race (3367.5 ± 2633.5 pg/mL) to 24-h post-race (1657.3 ± 950.7 pg/mL, t (39) = −4.228, p < .001, d = −.669). There was a significant difference in overall GI symptom scores across the three time points (F (2, 39) = 41.37, p < .001). The highest average score occurred post-race (.84 ± .68), compared to pre-race (.09 ± .12) and 24-h post-race (.44 ± .28). Post-race I-FABP (r = .31, p = .048) and post-race urine specific gravity (r = .33, p = .041) were significantly correlated with post-race GI symptom scores. Our study provides further support to the individualized nature of GI disturbances, with participants experiencing a wide range of risk factors that can influence the extent of GI damage and perceived symptoms during and after exercise. |
| Author | Atkins, Whitley C. Butts, Cory L. Duckett, Andrew Laursen, R. Mark Siedlik, Jacob Kelly, Melani R. Emerson, Dawn M. McDermott, Brendon P. Troyanos, Christopher |
| AuthorAffiliation | 7 Boston Athletic Association , Boston , MA , United States 1 Department of Health, Sport, and Exercise Sciences , University of Kansas , Lawrence , KS , United States 6 Sargent College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences , Boston University , Boston , MA , United States 3 Department of Exercise Science , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , United States 8 Department of Athletics , Boston University , Boston , MA , United States 4 Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , AR , United States 5 Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences , Weber State University , Ogden , UT , United States 2 Department of Exercise Science and Outdoor Recreation , Utah Valley University , Orem , UT , United States 9 Department of Exercise Science and Pre-Health Professions , Creighton University , Omaha , NE , United States |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 7 Boston Athletic Association , Boston , MA , United States – name: 8 Department of Athletics , Boston University , Boston , MA , United States – name: 9 Department of Exercise Science and Pre-Health Professions , Creighton University , Omaha , NE , United States – name: 4 Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , AR , United States – name: 5 Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences , Weber State University , Ogden , UT , United States – name: 2 Department of Exercise Science and Outdoor Recreation , Utah Valley University , Orem , UT , United States – name: 3 Department of Exercise Science , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , United States – name: 1 Department of Health, Sport, and Exercise Sciences , University of Kansas , Lawrence , KS , United States – name: 6 Sargent College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences , Boston University , Boston , MA , United States |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Melani R. surname: Kelly fullname: Kelly, Melani R. – sequence: 2 givenname: Dawn M. surname: Emerson fullname: Emerson, Dawn M. – sequence: 3 givenname: Brendon P. surname: McDermott fullname: McDermott, Brendon P. – sequence: 4 givenname: Whitley C. surname: Atkins fullname: Atkins, Whitley C. – sequence: 5 givenname: Cory L. surname: Butts fullname: Butts, Cory L. – sequence: 6 givenname: R. Mark surname: Laursen fullname: Laursen, R. Mark – sequence: 7 givenname: Christopher surname: Troyanos fullname: Troyanos, Christopher – sequence: 8 givenname: Andrew surname: Duckett fullname: Duckett, Andrew – sequence: 9 givenname: Jacob surname: Siedlik fullname: Siedlik, Jacob |
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| Copyright | Copyright © 2023 Kelly, Emerson, McDermott, Atkins, Butts, Laursen, Troyanos, Duckett and Siedlik. Copyright © 2023 Kelly, Emerson, McDermott, Atkins, Butts, Laursen, Troyanos, Duckett and Siedlik. 2023 Kelly, Emerson, McDermott, Atkins, Butts, Laursen, Troyanos, Duckett and Siedlik |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: Copyright © 2023 Kelly, Emerson, McDermott, Atkins, Butts, Laursen, Troyanos, Duckett and Siedlik. – notice: Copyright © 2023 Kelly, Emerson, McDermott, Atkins, Butts, Laursen, Troyanos, Duckett and Siedlik. 2023 Kelly, Emerson, McDermott, Atkins, Butts, Laursen, Troyanos, Duckett and Siedlik |
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| Title | Gastrointestinal cell injury and perceived symptoms after running the Boston Marathon |
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