Detection of Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury Using a Smartphone

• Published in: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 21; no. 21; p. 7182
• Main Authors: Castillo-Escario, Yolanda, Kumru, Hatice, Ferrer-Lluis, Ignasi, Vidal, Joan, Jané, Raimon
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 29.10.2021; MDPI
• Subjects: Acoustics; biomedical signal processing; Hospitals; Investigations; Laboratories; Pulse oximetry; Questionnaires; Respiration; Sensors; Sleep apnea; Sleep disorders; sleep position; sleep-disordered breathing; smartphone; Smartphones; Spinal cord injuries; spinal cord injury; Telemedicine; Womens health
• ISSN: 1424-8220; 1424-8220
• DOI: 10.3390/s21217182

Patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) have an increased risk of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), which can lead to serious comorbidities and impact patients’ recovery and quality of life. However, sleep tests are rarely performed on SCI patients, given their multiple health needs and the cost and complexity of diagnostic equipment. The objective of this study was to use a novel smartphone system as a simple non-invasive tool to monitor SDB in SCI patients. We recorded pulse oximetry, acoustic, and accelerometer data using a smartphone during overnight tests in 19 SCI patients and 19 able-bodied controls. Then, we analyzed these signals with automatic algorithms to detect desaturation, apnea, and hypopnea events and monitor sleep position. The apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) was significantly higher in SCI patients than controls (25 ± 15 vs. 9 ± 7, p < 0.001). We found that 63% of SCI patients had moderate-to-severe SDB (AHI ≥ 15) in contrast to 21% of control subjects. Most SCI patients slept predominantly in supine position, but an increased occurrence of events in supine position was only observed for eight patients. This study highlights the problem of SDB in SCI and provides simple cost-effective sleep monitoring tools to facilitate the detection, understanding, and management of SDB in SCI patients.