Meat Consumption, Cooking Methods, Mutagens, and Risk of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus: A Case-Control Study in Uruguay

• Published in: Nutrition and cancer Vol. 64; no. 2; pp. 294 - 299
• Main Authors: Stefani, Eduardo De, Deneo-Pellegrini, Hugo, Ronco, Alvaro L, Boffetta, Paolo, Correa, Pelayo, Aune, Dagfinn, Mendilaharsu, María, Acosta, Gisele, Silva, Cecilia, Landó, Gabriel, Luaces, María E
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Taylor & Francis Group 01.02.2012; Taylor & Francis Ltd
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alcohol; alcoholic beverages; Animals; beef; Cancer; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - epidemiology; Case-Control Studies; Cells; cooking; Cooking - methods; Diet; Diets; Esophageal Neoplasms - epidemiology; Esophagus; Female; Fish; fried meat; heterocyclic amines; Humans; Liver; Male; Meat; Meat - analysis; meat consumption; Middle Aged; mutagenicity; Mutagens; Mutagens - analysis; Odds Ratio; Poultry; red meat; risk; Risk Factors; smoking (habit); squamous cell carcinoma; Tobacco; Uruguay - epidemiology; Uruguay
• ISSN: 1532-7914; 0163-5581; 1532-7914
• DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2012.648299

The role of meat in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (ESCC) has been considered conflictive. For this reason, we decided to conduct a case-control study on meat consumption and ESCC. Data included 234 newly diagnosed and microscopically examined ESCC and 2,020 controls with conditions not related to tobacco smoking nor alcohol drinking and without changes in their diets. We studied total meat, red meat, beef, lamb, processed meat, poultry, fish, total white meat, liver, fried meat, barbecued meat, boiled meat, heterocyclic amines, nitrosodimethylamine, and benzo[a]pyrene in relation with the risk of ESCC. Red meat, lamb, and boiled meat were directly associated with the risk of ESCC, whereas total white meat, poultry, fish, and liver were mainly protective against this malignancy.