Experimentally Determined Flame Properties near Flammability Limits Under Gravity and Microgravity Conditions

• Published in: Combustion science and technology Vol. 181; no. 12; pp. 1431 - 1442
• Main Authors: Pu, Yikang, Hu, Jun, Jarosinski, Jozef
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Philadelphia, PA Taylor & Francis Group 01.12.2009; Taylor & Francis; Taylor & Francis Ltd
• Subjects: Applied sciences; Combustion of gaseous fuels; Combustion. Flame; Diffusion; Energy; Energy. Thermal use of fuels; Exact sciences and technology; Experiments; Flammability limits; Gravity; Limit burning velocity; Microgravity; Oxidation; Theoretical studies. Data and constants. Metering; Thermodynamics; Flammability limits; Flame structure; Instability; Schlieren method; Combustion; Flame propagation; Flammability limit; Microgravity; Limit burning velocity; Propane; Combustion velocity; Gravity
• ISSN: 0010-2202; 1563-521X
• DOI: 10.1080/00102200903074220

Flammability limits for flames propagating in a rich propane/air mixture under gravity conditions appeared to be 6.3% C 3 H 8 for downward propagation and 9.2% C 3 H 8 for upward propagation. Different limits might be explained by the action of preferential diffusion of the deficient reactant (Le < 1) on the limit flames, which are in different states of instability. In one of the previous studies, the flammability limits under microgtravity conditions were found to be between the upward and downward limits obtained in a standard flammability tube under normal gravity conditions. It was found in those experiments that there are two limits under microgravity conditions: one indicated by visible flame propagation and another indicated by an increase of pressure without observed flame propagation. These limits were found to be far behind the limit for downward-propagating flame at 1 g (6.3% C 3 H 8 ) and close to the limit for upward-propagating flame at 1 g (9.2% C 3 H 8 ). It was decided in the present work to apply a special schlieren system and instant temperature measuring system for drop tower experiments to observe combustion development during propagation of the flame front. A small cubic closed vessel (inner side, 9 cm × 9 cm × 9 cm) with schlieren quality glass windows were used to study limit flames under gravity and microgravity conditions. Flame development in rich limit mixtures, not visible in previous experiments under microgravity conditions for strait photography, was identified with the use of the schlieren method and instant temperature measuring system. It was found in experiments in a small vessel that there is practically no difference in flammability limits under gravity and microgravity conditions. In this paper, the mechanism of flame propagation under these different conditions is systematically studied and compared and limit burning velocity is estimated.