Characteristics and evaluation of atherosclerotic plaques: an overview of state-of-the-art techniques

Atherosclerosis is an important cause of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Lipid infiltration, inflammation, and altered vascular stress are the critical mechanisms that cause atherosclerotic plaque formation. The hallmarks of the progression of atherosclerosis include plaque ulcerat...

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Published inFrontiers in neurology Vol. 14; p. 1159288
Main Authors He, Zhiwei, Luo, Jiaying, Lv, Mengna, Li, Qingwen, Ke, Wei, Niu, Xuan, Zhang, Zhaohui
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Frontiers Media S.A 12.10.2023
Subjects
atherosclerosis
biomarker
imaging method
Neurology
plaque analysis
quantitative evaluation
vulnerable plaque
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Summary:Atherosclerosis is an important cause of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Lipid infiltration, inflammation, and altered vascular stress are the critical mechanisms that cause atherosclerotic plaque formation. The hallmarks of the progression of atherosclerosis include plaque ulceration, rupture, neovascularization, and intraplaque hemorrhage, all of which are closely associated with the occurrence of CVD. Assessing the severity of atherosclerosis and plaque vulnerability is crucial for the prevention and treatment of CVD. Integrating imaging techniques for evaluating the characteristics of atherosclerotic plaques with computer simulations yields insights into plaque inflammation levels, spatial morphology, and intravascular stress distribution, resulting in a more realistic and accurate estimation of plaque state. Here, we review the characteristics and advancing techniques used to analyze intracranial and extracranial atherosclerotic plaques to provide a comprehensive understanding of atheroma.
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Edited by: David S. Liebeskind, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
Reviewed by: Haipeng Liu, Coventry University, United Kingdom; Wenjie Yang, University of Maryland, United States
These authors have contributed equally to this work and share first authorship
ISSN:1664-2295
1664-2295
DOI:10.3389/fneur.2023.1159288