The Gut Microbiome and Bone Strength

Purpose of Review Osteoporosis is commonly diagnosed through the clinical assessment of bone quantity using bone mineral density; however, the primary clinical concern is bone fragility. Bone fragility is determined by both bone quantity and bone quality. Over the past decade, the gut microbiome has...

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Published inCurrent osteoporosis reports Vol. 18; no. 6; pp. 677 - 683
Main Authors Castaneda, Macy, Strong, Jasmin M., Alabi, Denise A., Hernandez, Christopher J.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published New York Springer US 01.12.2020
Subjects
Animals
Biomechanics (G Niebur and J Wallace
Bone and Bones - metabolism
Bone and Bones - physiopathology
Bone Density - physiology
Epidemiology
Gastrointestinal Microbiome - physiology
Humans
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Orthopedics
Osteoporosis - metabolism
Osteoporosis - physiopathology
Section Editors
Topical Collection on Biomechanics
Bone material properties
Bone quality
Bone quantity
Gut microbiome
Vitamin K
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Summary:Purpose of Review Osteoporosis is commonly diagnosed through the clinical assessment of bone quantity using bone mineral density; however, the primary clinical concern is bone fragility. Bone fragility is determined by both bone quantity and bone quality. Over the past decade, the gut microbiome has emerged as a factor that can regulate diseases throughout the body. This review discusses how microbial organisms and their genetic products that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract influence bone quantity, bone quality, and bone strength. Recent Findings Recent studies have shown that the gut microbiome regulates bone loss during estrogen depletion and glucocorticoid treatment. A series of studies has also shown that the gut microbiome influences whole bone strength by modifying bone tissue quality. The possible links between the gut microbiome and bone tissue quality are discussed focusing on the effects of microbiome-derived vitamin K. Summary We provide a brief introduction to the gut microbiome and how modifications to the gut microbiome may lead to changes in bone. The gut microbiome is a promising target for new therapeutic approaches that address bone quality in ways not possible with current interventions.
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ISSN:1544-1873
1544-2241
1544-2241
DOI:10.1007/s11914-020-00627-x