The mechanisms causing extinction debts

• Published in: Trends in ecology & evolution (Amsterdam) Vol. 28; no. 6; pp. 341 - 346
• Main Authors: Hylander, Kristoffer, Ehrlén, Johan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Kidlington Elsevier Ltd 01.06.2013; Elsevier
• Subjects: Animal and plant ecology; Animal, plant and microbial ecology; Animals; Applied ecology; Biological and medical sciences; biological resistance; colonization credit; Conservation of Natural Resources; Conservation, protection and management of environment and wildlife; developmental stages; Ecosystem; extinction; extinction debt; Extinction, Biological; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; General aspects; habitats; metapopulation; Models, Biological; Plants; population; Population Dynamics; remnant population; Stochastic Processes; survival rate; Time Factors; time lag; extinction; extinction debt; remnant population; metapopulation; time lag; colonization credit; population; Extinction
• ISSN: 0169-5347; 1872-8383; 1872-8383
• DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2013.01.010

Extinction debts can result from many types of habitat changes involving mechanisms other than metapopulation processes. This is a fact that most recent literature on extinction debts pays little attention to. We argue that extinction debts can arise because (i) individuals survive in resistant life-cycle stages long after habitat quality change, (ii) stochastic extinctions of populations that have become small are not immediate, and (iii) metapopulations survive long after that connectivity has decreased if colonization–extinction dynamics is slow. A failure to distinguish between these different mechanisms and to simultaneously consider both the size of the extinction debt and the relaxation time hampers our understanding of how extinction debts arise and our ability to prevent ultimate extinctions.