Enhanced bone regeneration capability of chitosan sponge coated with TiO2 nanoparticles

• Published in: Biotechnology reports (Amsterdam, Netherlands) Vol. 24; p. e00350
• Main Authors: Ikono, Radyum, Li, Ni, Pratama, Nanda Hendra, Vibriani, Agnia, Yuniarni, Diah Retno, Luthfansyah, Muhammad, Bachtiar, Boy Muchlis, Bachtiar, Endang Winiati, Mulia, Kamarza, Nasikin, Mohammad, Kagami, Hideaki, Li, Xianqi, Mardliyati, Etik, Rochman, Nurul Taufiqu, Nagamura-Inoue, Tokiko, Tojo, Arinobu
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier B.V 01.12.2019; Elsevier
• Subjects: apatite; biomineralization; biotechnology; body fluids; Bone regeneration; bones; Chitosan; cytotoxicity; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; gene expression regulation; genes; nanoparticles; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; Sponges; TiO2 nanoparticles; Tissue engineering; titanium dioxide; Sponges; Chitosan; Bone regeneration; Tissue engineering; TiO2 nanoparticles
• ISSN: 2215-017X; 2215-017X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2019.e00350

•Chitosan hybridized with titanium dioxide nanoparticles improves its bone regeneration capability.•Nano titanium dioxide addition to the matrix of chitosan sponges was done successfully, as depicted from an even distribution of nano titanium dioxide on the surface of the sponges.•Chitosan – nanoTiO2 scaffold results in significantly improved sponge robustness, biomineralization, and bone regeneration capability, as indicated by DMP1 and OCN gene upregulation in chitosan-50% nanoTiO2 sample. Chitosan has been a popular option for tissue engineering, however exhibits limited function for bone regeneration due to its low mechanical robustness and non-osteogenic inductivity. Here we hybridized chitosan with TiO2 nanoparticles to improve its bone regeneration capability. Morphology and crystallographic analysis showed that TiO2 nanoparticles in anatase-type were distributed evenly on the surface of the chitosan sponges. Degradation test showed a significant effect of TiO2 nanoparticles addition in retaining its integrity. Biomineralization assay using simulated body fluid showed apatite formation in sponges surface as denoted by PO4− band observed in FTIR results. qPCR analysis supported chitosan - TiO2 sponges in bone regeneration capability as indicated by DMP1 and OCN gene upregulation in TiO2 treated group. Finally, cytotoxicity analysis supported the fact that TiO2 nanoparticles added sponges were proved to be biocompatible. Results suggest that chitosan-50% TiO2 nanoparticles sponges could be a potential novel scaffold for bone tissue engineering.