Cigarette Smoking and Primary Liver Cancer: A Population-Based Case-Control Study in US Men

Objective Using the case-control data from the Selected Cancers Study, the authors assessed whether cigarette smoking increases the risk of primary liver cancer in the US. Methods Cases were men who were pathologically diagnosed with primary liver cancer during 1984-1988, were 31-59 years old, and l...

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Published inCancer causes & control Vol. 18; no. 3; pp. 315 - 321
Main Authors Zhu, Kangmin, Moriarty, Cynthia, Caplan, Lee S., Levine, Robert S.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Netherlands Springer 01.04.2007
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects
Adult
Alcohol drinking
Cancer
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - epidemiology
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - etiology
Case control studies
Cigarette smoking
Cigarettes
Hepatitis
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Humans
Liver cancer
Liver Neoplasms - epidemiology
Liver Neoplasms - etiology
Male
Middle Aged
Predisposing factors
Risk Factors
Secondhand smoke
Smoking - adverse effects
Socioeconomic Factors
United States - epidemiology
United States
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Summary:Objective Using the case-control data from the Selected Cancers Study, the authors assessed whether cigarette smoking increases the risk of primary liver cancer in the US. Methods Cases were men who were pathologically diagnosed with primary liver cancer during 1984-1988, were 31-59 years old, and lived in the areas covered by eight US cancer registries (n = 168). Controls were men without a history of primary liver cancer who were selected by random-digit telephone dialing (n = 1910). Results Relative to non-smokers, the risks of liver cancer were 1.85 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05-3.25) and 1.49 (95% CI, 0.83-2.68) for former and current smokers, respectively. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) estimates were 0.96, 1.43, 1.80, and 1.87 for smoking for less than 15, 15-24, 25-34 and 35 or more years, respectively (p for trend = 0.039). The OR estimates were 1.41 (95% CI, 0.74-2.68), 1.67 (95% CI, 0.93-2.98), and 1.83 (95% CI, 0.89-3.76) for less than 1, 1-2, and 2 or more packs smoked per day (p for trend = 0.068). Conclusions Cigarette smoking may be a factor that contributes somewhat to the occurrence of primary liver cancer among men in the United States, a country with low risk of liver cancer.
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ISSN:0957-5243
1573-7225
DOI:10.1007/s10552-006-0105-8