Does Total Implantability Reduce Infection With the Use of a Left Ventricular Assist Device? The LionHeart Experience in Europe

• Published in: The Journal of heart and lung transplantation Vol. 26; no. 3; pp. 219 - 229
• Main Authors: Pae, Walter E., MD, Connell, John M., MD, MPH, Adelowo, Amos, MPH, Boehmer, John P., MD, Korfer, Reiner, MD, El-Banayosy, Aly, MD, Hetzer, Roland, MD, Vigano, Mario, MD, Pavie, Alain, MD
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York, NY Elsevier Inc 01.03.2007; Elsevier Science
• Subjects: Aged; Anesthesia. Intensive care medicine. Transfusions. Cell therapy and gene therapy; Biological and medical sciences; Emergency and intensive cardiocirculatory care. Cardiogenic shock. Coronary intensive care; Equipment Design; Heart-Assist Devices - adverse effects; Humans; Incidence; Infection - epidemiology; Infection - etiology; Infection Control - methods; Intensive care medicine; Medical sciences; Middle Aged; Prostheses and Implants - adverse effects; Risk Assessment; Sepsis - etiology; Sepsis - mortality; Surgery; Surgery (general aspects). Transplantations, organ and tissue grafts. Graft diseases; Surgery of the heart; Survival Analysis; Europe; Artificial heart; Intensive cardiocirculatory care; Respiratory disease; Artificial ventricle; Use; Cardiocirculatory support; Cardiovascular disease; Infection; Experience; Treatment; Surgery; Total; Auxiliary ventricule; Public health
• ISSN: 1053-2498; 1557-3117
• DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2006.12.007

Background Infection is the leading cause of death for left ventricular assist device (LVAD) patients with end-stage heart failure. Decreased infection may be possible with fully implantable LVADs such as the LionHeart, which lacks percutaneous conduits (PCs), a common source of device-related infection (DRI). This sub-study reports infections with the LionHeart and compares these results with historic data from the REMATCH trial, bridge to recovery (BTR) and bridge-to-transplantation (BTT) studies. Methods Twenty-three patients were implanted with the LionHeart LVAD and followed until death or heart transplant during a non-randomized, multicenter, European trial from October 1999 to April 2004. The nature and incidence of infection were analyzed and adjudicated to definitions similar to, or the same as, the REMATCH definitions. Results The combined number of implant days was 7,980, with a mean of 347 days (median 112, range 17 to 1,259 days). Survival at 1 year was 39%, with 2-year survival at 22%. Seventy-four percent of patients developed one or more infections, with 30% developing sepsis, and 35% developing pump-pocket infections (PSIs). No patients developed pump-housing or inflow- or outflow-tract infections (PI). For comparison, the prevalence rates of sepsis, PSI and PI in REMATCH were 51%, 35% and 19%, respectively. Conclusions The patients in the European LionHeart Clinical Utility Baseline Study (CUBS) trial had less sepsis and less overall DRI compared with the REMATCH LVAD group. Therefore, the fully implanted device may cause less infection than PC devices during destination therapy (DT). Although lower for DT, these rates are still higher than for some BTT experiences. Areas for future improvement include miniaturization of controller/battery components to reduce wound complications related to pocket size, and installation of more modern lithium-ion batteries to decrease the need for re-operations due to battery end-of-life.