Classification and enzyme kinetics of formate dehydrogenases for biomanufacturing via CO2 utilization

• Published in: Biotechnology advances Vol. 37; no. 7; p. 107408
• Main Authors: Nielsen, Christian Førgaard, Lange, Lene, Meyer, Anne S.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford Elsevier Inc 15.11.2019; Elsevier Science Ltd
• Subjects: Biocatalysis; Carbon capture and utilization; Carbon dioxide; Classification; Classification schemes; CO2 reduction; Electrocatalysis; Electrons; Enzyme kinetics; Enzymes; FDH classification; FDH gene segment organization; Formate; Formate dehydrogenase; Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; Organic chemistry; Reaction kinetics; Reduction; Substrates; Utilization; Carbon capture and utilization; Electrocatalysis; Biocatalysis; FDH gene segment organization; Formate; CO2 reduction; FDH classification
• ISSN: 0734-9750; 1873-1899
• DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.06.007

The reversible interconversion of formate (HCOO−) and carbon dioxide (CO2) is catalyzed by formate dehydrogenase (FDH, EC 1.17.1.9). This enzyme can be used as a first step in the utilization of CO2 as carbon substrate for production of high-in-demand chemicals. However, comparison and categorization of the very diverse group of FDH enzymes has received only limited attention. With specific emphasis on FDH catalyzed CO2 reduction to HCOO−, we present a novel classification scheme for FDHs based on protein sequence alignment and gene organization analysis. We show that prokaryotic FDHs can be neatly divided into six meaningful sub-types. These sub-types are discussed in the context of overall structural composition, phylogeny of the gene segment organization, metabolic role, and catalytic properties of the enzymes. Based on the available literature, the influence of electron donor choice on the efficacy of FDH catalyzed CO2 reduction is quantified and compared. This analysis shows that methyl viologen and hydrogen are several times more potent than NADH as electron donors. Hence, the new FDH classification scheme and the electron donor analysis provide an improved base for developing FDH-facilitated CO2 reduction as a viable step in the utilization of CO2 as carbon source for green production of chemicals.