W7-X NBI beam dump thermocouple measurements as safety interlock

• Published in: Fusion engineering and design Vol. 146; pp. 1329 - 1333
• Main Authors: van Eeten, Paul, Kallmeyer, J.P., McNeely, P., Rust, N., Hartmann, D., Schacht, J., Naujoks, D., Degenkolbe, S., Vilbrandt, R., Bosch, H.S.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Amsterdam Elsevier B.V 01.09.2019; Elsevier Science Ltd
• Subjects: Alarm systems; Beam injection; Cabinets; Commissioning; Damage prevention; Electric power generation; Graphite; Heating; Heating systems; Instrumentation; Malfunctions; NBI; Neutral beams; Nuclear power plants; Operation; Overheating; Plasma density; Plasma physics; Radiation damage; Safety; Safety interlock; Thermocouples; Thermography; Tiles; Vessels; Wendelstein 7-X; Instrumentation; Operation; NBI; Safety interlock; Wendelstein 7-X; Commissioning
• ISSN: 0920-3796; 1873-7196
• DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2019.02.069

The Wendelstein 7-X stellarator started its first operational phase in October 2015 at the Max-Planck-Institute for Plasma Physics in Greifswald with the goal to verify that a stellarator magnetic confinement concept is a viable option for a fusion power plant. In the operational phase OP1.2b of the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator in 2018 the Neutral Beam Injection (NBI) Heating System is operational. Any un-absorbed heating power is dumped on the NBI beam dump graphite tiles that are cooled using CuCrZr-cooling structures. The Heat Shield Thermography (HST) system is used to prevent damage and overheating of the graphite tiles on these beam dumps. In addition, other interlocks (plasma density and ECRH stray radiation interlocks among others) are present to prevent damage to in-vessel components in case of un-absorbed heating power. Since the HST as well as the other interlocks have a rather low safety integrity level (SIL) it was decided to use the available thermocouple measurements of the beam dumps as an additional interlock. Due to the relatively slow response of this type of measurement, the focus of this safety interlock lies on preventing major damage to the plasma vessel (PV) wall in case of a chain of malfunctions of HST, other heating interlocks and heating systems control. It is not implemented to fully prevent damage to the beam dump structure itself. This paper describes the setup of the beam dump measurements, the upgrade of the electronics cabinets to SIL2-rated thermocouple measurement with alarm trip relays, the sequence for stopping the NBI beam and the analyses performed to determine the interlock alarm trip settings for operation in OP1.2b.