High fat high sucrose diet-induced dyslipidemia in guinea pigs

• Published in: Journal of applied physiology (1985) Vol. 130; no. 4; pp. 1226 - 1234
• Main Authors: Muller, Cynthia R, Williams, Alexander T, Eaker, Allyn M, Dos Santos, Fernando, Palmer, Andre F, Cabrales, Pedro
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States American Physiological Society 01.04.2021
• Subjects: Animals; Antioxidants; Arteriosclerosis; Atherosclerosis; Cardiovascular diseases; Damage; Diabetes mellitus; Diet; Diet, High-Fat - adverse effects; Disease Models, Animal; Dysautonomia; Dyslipidemia; Dyslipidemias - etiology; Fast food; Fatty liver; Glucose tolerance; Guinea Pigs; Heart diseases; High fat diet; Hypertension; Inflammation; Intolerance; Lipid metabolism; Lipids; Liver; Liver diseases; Male; Metabolic disorders; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - etiology; Risk analysis; Risk factors; Sucrose; cardiovascular disease; nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; dyslipidemia; guinea pigs; high fat diet
• ISSN: 8750-7587; 1522-1601
• DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00013.2021

Easy access to high-calorie and fat-dense fast food has resulted in unhealthy dietary and lifestyle changes worldwide, which affects both developed and developing economies. This predisposes populations to a considerable number of metabolic and inflammatory conditions, such as diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Guinea pigs have been proposed as a model to study high-fat diet-induced metabolic disease due to their similar antioxidant metabolism and lipid profile to humans, and their susceptibility to atherosclerosis and endothelial disease. This study aims to evaluate cardiovascular and metabolic disorders induced by high-fat high-sucrose diet (HFHSD) in guinea pigs. Two to three-week-old male guinea pigs were fed a normal diet (ND) or HFHSD for 12 wk. Guinea pigs fed a HFHSD developed glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, and liver, cardiac, and kidney damage. However, hypertension, dysautonomia, endothelial disease, and obesity were absent in these HFHSD guinea pigs. Taken together, these results show that guinea pigs fed a HFHSD are a nonobese model of metabolic disorders, resulting in important cardiac damage. Moreover, our findings suggest that NAFLD may be an important risk factor for diet-induced CVD. In this study, we show a new animal model for diet-induced disease metabolic disorders without obesity in guinea pigs. Moreover, results suggest a strong relation between liver disease and increased cardiovascular risks.