Fish-oil esters of plant sterols improve the lipid profile of dyslipidemic subjects more than do fish-oil or sunflower oil esters of plant sterols

• Published in: The American journal of clinical nutrition Vol. 84; no. 6; pp. 1534 - 1542
• Main Authors: Demonty, Isabelle, Chan, Yen-Ming, Pelled, Dori, Jones, Peter JH
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Bethesda, MD American Society for Nutrition 01.12.2006; American Society for Clinical Nutrition; American Society for Clinical Nutrition, Inc
• Subjects: administration & dosage; Adult; Aged; Anticholesteremic Agents; Anticholesteremic Agents - therapeutic use; Apolipoproteins B; Apolipoproteins B - blood; Biological and medical sciences; blood; blood lipids; cholesteremic effect; Cholesterol; Cholesterol - blood; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, HDL - blood; Cholesterol, LDL; Cholesterol, LDL - blood; Cross-Over Studies; Diet; Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; Dietary Fats, Unsaturated - administration & dosage; Dietary Supplements; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Docosahexaenoic Acids - administration & dosage; drug therapy; Eicosapentaenoic Acid; Eicosapentaenoic Acid - administration & dosage; Esters; experimental diets; fatty acid esters; Fatty acids; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - administration & dosage; Feeding. Feeding behavior; Female; Fish oils; Fish Oils - administration & dosage; Functional foods & nutraceuticals; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; human nutrition; Humans; Hypercholesterolemia; Hypercholesterolemia - drug therapy; hyperlipidemia; Lipids; Male; men; menopause; Middle Aged; Nutrition; Olive Oil; Phytosterols; Phytosterols - therapeutic use; Plant Oils; Plant Oils - administration & dosage; Sunflower Oil; therapeutic use; Triglycerides; Triglycerides - blood; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems; women; Cardiovascular disease; Lipids; cardiovascular risk factors; plasma lipids; Blood plasma; Vascular disease; Ester; Plant; Sunflower oil; Triacylglycerol; Cholesterol HDL; Atherosclerosis; n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids; Dyslipemia; Human; Polyunsaturated fatty acid; Metabolic diseases; Cholesterol LDL; Apolipoprotein; Olive oil; Apolipoproteins; Fish oil; HDL cholesterol; plant sterols; Risk factor; triacylglycerols; LDL cholesterol; Sterol
• ISSN: 0002-9165; 1938-3207
• DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/84.6.1534

BACKGROUND: Fish-oil fatty acid esters of plant sterols (FO-PS) were shown to have hypotriglyceridemic and hypocholesterolemic properties in animal models. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to evaluate the hypolipidemic effects of FO-PS supplementation in healthy hypercholesterolemic persons fed an olive oil (OO)-based diet. DESIGN: Twenty-one moderately overweight, hyperlipidemic subjects participated in a semi-randomized, single-blind, 4-period crossover study including 4 experimental isoenergetic diets of 4 wk each and 4-wk intervening washout periods. Diets contained 30% of energy as fat, of which 70% was from extra-virgin OO, and differed only in the supplement oil: OO, fish oil, FO-PS, or sunflower oil esters of plant sterols (SU-PS). Both fish oil and FO-PS provided 5.4 g total eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids/d. FO-PS, SU-PS, and OO provided the equivalent of 1.7, 1.7, and 0.02 g free plant sterols/d, respectively. RESULTS: Fish oil and FO-PS resulted in fasting and postprandial plasma triacylglycerol concentrations that were markedly lower than those observed with OO and SU-PS (P = 0.0001), but to a different extent. LDL cholesterol was significantly lower after supplementation with FO-PS and SU-PS than at the end of the control OO diet (P = 0.0031 and 0.0407, respectively). HDL cholesterol was not affected. FO-PS and SU-PS resulted in a lower ratio of total to HDL cholesterol and lower apolipoprotein (apo) B concentrations than did OO and fish oil. The ratio of apoB to apoA was significantly lower after SU-PS consumption than after consumption of OO (P = 0.0126) and fish oil (P = 0.0292). FO-PS and SU-PS resulted in similar ratios of apoB to apoA. HDL₂ and the ratio of HDL₂ to HDL₃ were significantly higher at the end of the FO-PS treatment than at the end of the OO (P = 0.0006), fish oil (P = 0.0036), and SU-PS (P = 0.0016) treatments. CONCLUSION: Supplementation of an OO-based diet with FO-PS may reduce cardiovascular disease risk more than does supplementation with fish oil or SU-PS.