Propagation speeds of strongly nonlinear near-surface internal waves in the Strait of Georgia

• Published in: Journal of Geophysical Research Vol. 116; no. C10
• Main Authors: Wang, C., Pawlowicz, R.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Washington, DC Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.10.2011; American Geophysical Union
• Subjects: Earth sciences; Earth, ocean, space; Exact sciences and technology; Geophysics; internal solitary wave; Internal waves; Marine; nonlinear model; Nonlinear systems; oblique photo image; Oceanography; Physical oceanography; Straits; Water column; Wave propagation; Canada; British Columbia; United States; Western Canada; Strait of Georgia; models; Propagation velocity; shear; Wave interaction; North America; Modeling; trajectory; coastal zone; amplitude; Wave propagation; internal waves; Wave packet; Non linear theory; errors; direction
• ISSN: 0148-0227; 2169-9275; 2156-2202; 2169-9291
• DOI: 10.1029/2010JC006776

A novel aerial observational method for studying internal features in the coastal ocean is developed and tested in a study of large nonlinear internal solitary‐like waves. Photogrammetrically rectified oblique photo images from a circling aircraft are used to track a number of internal wave packets for periods of up to one hour in the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia, Canada. Combining these sequences with coincident water column data allows us to obtain a more complete view of the spatial structure of internal waves. Highly accurate measurements of wave propagation speeds and directions are possible. The applicability of various weakly nonlinear theories in modeling propagation of the observed large‐amplitude waves is tested. The measured wave speeds enable us to differentiate between classic internal wave models. The linear, KdV (Korteweg‐de Vries), and BO (Benjamin‐Ono) models are applied with and without background shear. After background shear effects are included, it is found that a continuously stratified BO equation can predict propagation speeds within observational error, and that this is not true for other theories. The technique may be useful in future studies of oblique internal wave interactions. Key Points Developed a method for studying internal features in the coastal ocean Precise measurements of phase speed can characterize internal waves Benjamin‐Ono equation has been shown useful for large‐amplitude internal waves