Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Viral and Bacterial Infections: Pathogenesis, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), or exosomes, are nanovesicles of endocytic origin that carry host and pathogen-derived protein, nucleic acid, and lipid cargos. They are secreted by most cell types and play important roles in normal cell-to-cell communications but can also spread pathogen- and host-der...

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Published inTheranostics Vol. 8; no. 10; pp. 2709 - 2721
Main Authors Rodrigues, Meryl, Fan, Jia, Lyon, Christopher, Wan, Meihua, Hu, Ye
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Australia Ivyspring International Publisher 01.01.2018
Subjects
Animals
Bacterial Infections - etiology
Bacterial Infections - pathology
Bacterial Infections - therapy
Extracellular Vesicles - immunology
Extracellular Vesicles - microbiology
Extracellular Vesicles - virology
Humans
Review
Theranostic Nanomedicine - methods
Virus Diseases - diagnosis
Virus Diseases - etiology
Virus Diseases - pathology
therapeutic
immune system
pathogenesis
extracellular vesicles
diagnostic
exosomes
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Summary:Extracellular vesicles (EVs), or exosomes, are nanovesicles of endocytic origin that carry host and pathogen-derived protein, nucleic acid, and lipid cargos. They are secreted by most cell types and play important roles in normal cell-to-cell communications but can also spread pathogen- and host-derived molecules during infections to alter immune responses and pathophysiological processes. New research is beginning to decipher how EVs influence viral and bacterial pathogenesis. In this review, we will describe how EVs influence viral and bacterial pathogenesis by spreading pathogen-derived factors and how they can promote and inhibit the immune response to these pathogens. We will also discuss the emerging potential of EVs as diagnostic and therapeutic tools.
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Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interest exists.
ISSN:1838-7640
1838-7640
DOI:10.7150/thno.20576