Smoking impairs and circulating stem cells favour the protective effect of the T allele of the connexin37 gene in ischemic heart disease – A multinational study

• Published in: Atherosclerosis Vol. 244; pp. 73 - 78
• Main Authors: Pitha, Jan, Králová Lesná, Ivana, Hubáček, Jaroslav A, Sekerková, Alena, Lánská, Věra, Adámková, Věra, Dorobantu, Maria, Nicolescu, Rodica, Steiner, Robert, Ivić, Vedrana, Borbely, Attila, Papp, Zoltan, Vari, Sandor G
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Ireland Elsevier Ireland Ltd 01.01.2016
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Alleles; Cardiovascular; Cardiovascular risk factors; Connexin37 gene; Connexins - genetics; Connexins - metabolism; DNA - genetics; Endothelial progenitor cells; Endothelial Progenitor Cells - cytology; Female; Gap Junction alpha-4 Protein; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genotype; Heterozygote; Humans; Ischemic heart disease; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Ischemia - genetics; Myocardial Ischemia - metabolism; Myocardial Ischemia - pathology; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Sex; Smoking - adverse effects; Stem cells; Stem Cells - cytology; Ischemic heart disease; Connexin37 gene; Cardiovascular risk factors; Sex; Stem cells; Endothelial progenitor cells
• ISSN: 0021-9150; 1879-1484
• DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.007

Abstract Background The connexin 37 (Cx37) gene is considered to be a candidate gene for ischemic heart disease (IHD). We analyzed the association between the C1019 > T (Pro319 > Ser) variant of the Cx37 gene and IHD in patients in the Czech Republic, Croatia, Hungary and Romania with regard to the presence/absence of selected cardiovascular risk factors (RF). In a complementary study, we analyzed the association between the Cx37 gene and circulating stem and endothelial progenitor cells in healthy women. Methods The study population comprised 2396 patients (663 women) with IHD. The control population comprised 2476 subjects (1, 337 women). Additionally, in 662 healthy women, the association between the Cx37 gene and circulating stem and endothelial progenitor cells was analyzed. Results The strongest protective effect of the Cx37 T allele was detected in non-smoking patients without diabetes mellitus and hypertension (OR 0.610, 95% CI 0.377–0.990); a similar effect was found in non-smoking men (OR 0.781, 95% CI 0.628–0.971); weaker effect was found in non-smoking women (OR 0.768, 95% CI 0.560–1.050). In non-smoking healthy women, stem cells were significantly higher in TT than in CT and CC carriers (p for trend 0.011). Additionally, non-smoking TT carriers had significantly higher number of stem cells than past and current smoking TT carriers (p for trend = 0.006); no such trend was found in CT and CC carriers. Conclusions The protective effect of the T allele of the Cx37 gene might be strongly modified by smoking; in women, this effect could be mediated through stem cells.