Antibody-guided nanomedicines as novel breakthrough therapeutic, diagnostic and theranostic tools

• Published in: Biomaterials science Vol. 7; no. 1; pp. 4 - 416
• Main Authors: Farahavar, Ghazal, Abolmaali, Samira Sadat, Gholijani, Nasser, Nejatollahi, Foroogh
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Royal Society of Chemistry 01.10.2019
• Subjects: Animals; Antibodies; Antibodies - chemistry; Antibodies - therapeutic use; Biomedical materials; Diagnostic software; Diagnostic systems; Drug delivery systems; Humans; Nanomaterials; Nanomedicine; Nanoparticles; Nanostructures - chemistry; Nanostructures - therapeutic use; Nanotechnology; Theranostic Nanomedicine
• ISSN: 2047-4830; 2047-4849
• DOI: 10.1039/c9bm00931k

Recent advances in nanotechnology, such as the development of various types of nanoparticles and hybrid nanomaterials, have revolutionized nanomedicine. The small size, customizable surface, enhanced solubility, and multi-functionality endow the nanoparticles with an ability to interact with complex cellular and biological functions in new ways. Furthermore, these systems can deliver drugs to specific tissues and provide a targeted therapy. For this purpose, different categories of molecules, particularly antibodies, have been used as ligands. Antibody-conjugated nanomaterials can significantly enhance the efficiency of nanomedicines, especially in the field of cancer. This review is focused on three major medical applications of antibody-conjugated nanomaterials, namely, therapeutic, diagnostic and theranostic applications. To provide comprehensive information on the topic and an overview of these hybrid nanomaterials for biomedical applications, a brief summary of nanomaterials and antibodies is given. Moreover, the review has depicted the potential applications of antibody-conjugated nanomaterials in different fields and their capabilities to empower nanomedicine, particularly in relation to the treatment and detection of malignancies. Antibody-decorated nanomaterials as emerging platforms for therapeutic, diagnostic and theranostic applications.